Cross-Validated MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Learner
Source:R/learner_ncvreg_regr_cv_ncvreg.R
mlr_learners_regr.cv_ncvreg.RdMCP- or SCAD-penalized regression models with k-fold cross validation
for choosing the regularization parameter lambda.
Calls ncvreg::cv.ncvreg() from package ncvreg with family set to
"gaussian" (default). Poisson family is also supported.
Covariates are internally standardized by ncvreg prior to model fitting.
Meta Information
Task type: “regr”
Predict Types: “response”
Feature Types: “integer”, “numeric”
Required Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, ncvreg
Parameters
| Id | Type | Default | Levels | Range |
| family | character | gaussian | gaussian, poisson | - |
| penalty | character | MCP | MCP, SCAD, lasso | - |
| gamma | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| alpha | numeric | 1 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| lambda.min | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| nlambda | integer | 100 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| lambda | untyped | - | - | |
| eps | numeric | 1e-04 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| max.iter | integer | 10000 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| convex | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| dfmax | integer | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| penalty.factor | untyped | - | - | |
| warn | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| returnX | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| cluster | untyped | - | - | |
| nfolds | integer | 10 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| fold | untyped | - | - | |
| returnY | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| trace | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| pred_lambda | numeric | - | \((-\infty, \infty)\) |
References
Breheny P, Huang J (2011). “Coordinate descent algorithms for nonconvex penalized regression, with applications to biological feature selection.” Annals of Applied Statistics, 5(1), 232–253. ISSN 1932-6157, doi:10.1214/10-AOAS388 .
See also
as.data.table(mlr_learners)for a table of available Learners in the running session (depending on the loaded packages).Chapter in the mlr3book: https://mlr3book.mlr-org.com/chapters/chapter2/data_and_basic_modeling.html#sec-learners
mlr3learners for a selection of recommended learners.
mlr3cluster for unsupervised clustering learners.
mlr3pipelines to combine learners with pre- and postprocessing steps.
mlr3tuning for tuning of hyperparameters, mlr3tuningspaces for established default tuning spaces.
Super classes
mlr3::Learner -> mlr3::LearnerRegr -> LearnerRegrNCVreg
Methods
Inherited methods
Method selected_features()
Returns the set of selected features which have non-zero coefficients.
Calls the internal coef.cv.ncvreg() function.
Returns
(character()) vector of feature names.
Examples
# Define the Learner
learner = lrn("regr.cv_ncvreg")
print(learner)
#>
#> ── <LearnerRegrNCVreg> (regr.cv_ncvreg): MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Model
#> • Model: -
#> • Parameters: list()
#> • Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, and ncvreg
#> • Predict Types: [response]
#> • Feature Types: integer and numeric
#> • Encapsulation: none (fallback: -)
#> • Properties: selected_features
#> • Other settings: use_weights = 'error', predict_raw = 'FALSE'
# Define a Task
task = tsk("mtcars")
# Create train and test set
ids = partition(task)
# Train the learner on the training ids
learner$train(task, row_ids = ids$train)
print(learner$model)
#> $cve
#> [1] 40.458322 37.851384 32.953054 27.573324 23.216618 19.727962 16.974034
#> [8] 14.840242 13.228193 12.053496 11.243862 10.737449 10.481433 10.430770
#> [15] 10.547118 10.797915 11.001404 11.234387 11.161655 10.801483 10.343715
#> [22] 9.893550 9.202721 8.546394 6.909911 6.697260 6.524108 6.387281
#> [29] 6.296626 6.229935 6.183226 6.152098 6.124863 6.046133 6.073082
#> [36] 6.203857 6.390302 6.543570 6.905039 6.946128 6.981693 7.063640
#> [43] 7.907139 7.697578 7.731619 7.889274 10.398558 10.146936 10.147195
#> [50] 9.815832 9.136178 9.669933 9.557341 9.557774 9.080521 9.395323
#> [57] 9.234018 9.466652 8.807899 8.303847 8.304292 8.304701 8.305078
#> [64] 8.305425 10.826120 10.481754 10.914599 10.915385 10.916143 10.916876
#> [71] 10.917584 10.918268 10.918930 10.832266 10.832967 10.917656 10.918286
#> [78] 10.918951 10.885700 10.914614 10.915289 10.915948 10.916593 10.917223
#> [85] 10.917840 10.918443 10.919032 10.919609 10.920173 10.955025 11.014731
#> [92] 11.015402 11.016067 11.035936 11.040772 11.041569 11.042352 11.043120
#> [99] 11.043875 11.044617
#>
#> $cvse
#> [1] 10.893839 10.791534 9.526779 8.084401 6.950957 6.055966 5.338852
#> [8] 4.750663 4.254954 3.827497 3.455136 3.134232 2.868928 2.668909
#> [15] 2.545905 2.508725 2.530768 2.608373 2.616303 2.564572 2.482940
#> [22] 2.411588 2.320807 2.251590 1.997616 1.934679 1.878484 1.829069
#> [29] 1.785385 1.749299 1.720749 1.699322 1.683792 1.671713 1.675845
#> [36] 1.701878 1.748204 1.791977 1.833839 1.846641 1.857392 1.992718
#> [43] 1.940143 1.972863 1.980982 2.020631 4.106903 4.092149 4.092362
#> [50] 4.116374 4.064323 4.192801 4.204098 4.204277 3.600556 3.509748
#> [57] 3.509633 3.462060 3.474555 3.479723 3.479836 3.479938 3.480028
#> [64] 3.480110 5.369475 5.379758 5.378030 5.378549 5.379060 5.379564
#> [71] 5.380062 5.380552 5.381036 5.361706 5.362201 5.358549 5.359028
#> [78] 5.359500 5.367006 5.367648 5.368098 5.368540 5.368975 5.369403
#> [85] 5.369824 5.370238 5.370646 5.371047 5.371442 5.380992 5.376343
#> [92] 5.376722 5.377094 5.376454 5.376563 5.376910 5.377253 5.377590
#> [99] 5.377922 5.378249
#>
#> $fold
#> [1] 9 6 6 7 2 4 5 8 3 1 4 10 1 9 5 3 8 7 1 10 2
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 5.535041084 5.161997840 4.814096462 4.489642473 4.187055597 3.904862063
#> [7] 3.641687429 3.396249885 3.167354009 2.953884950 2.754802990 2.569138489
#> [13] 2.395987153 2.234505638 2.083907437 1.943459050 1.812476415 1.690321571
#> [19] 1.576399554 1.470155500 1.371071940 1.278666280 1.192488452 1.112118722
#> [25] 1.037165642 0.967264149 0.902073783 0.841277029 0.784577773 0.731699857
#> [31] 0.682385735 0.636395221 0.593504313 0.553504108 0.516199784 0.481409646
#> [37] 0.448964247 0.418705560 0.390486206 0.364168743 0.339624988 0.316735401
#> [43] 0.295388495 0.275480299 0.256913849 0.239598715 0.223450564 0.208390744
#> [49] 0.194345905 0.181247641 0.169032157 0.157639955 0.147015550 0.137107194
#> [55] 0.127866628 0.119248845 0.111211872 0.103716564 0.096726415 0.090207378
#> [61] 0.084127703 0.078457777 0.073169986 0.068238574 0.063639522 0.059350431
#> [67] 0.055350411 0.051619978 0.048140965 0.044896425 0.041870556 0.039048621
#> [73] 0.036416874 0.033962499 0.031673540 0.029538849 0.027548030 0.025691385
#> [79] 0.023959872 0.022345056 0.020839074 0.019434591 0.018124764 0.016903216
#> [85] 0.015763996 0.014701555 0.013710719 0.012786663 0.011924885 0.011121187
#> [91] 0.010371656 0.009672641 0.009020738 0.008412770 0.007845778 0.007316999
#> [97] 0.006823857 0.006363952 0.005935043 0.005535041
#>
#> $fit
#> $beta
#> 5.5350 5.1620 4.8141 4.4896 4.1871 3.9049 3.6417
#> (Intercept) 20.54286 22.475742 24.278357 25.95948 27.527305 28.989461 30.353073
#> am 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.00000 -0.621535 -1.201181 -1.74176 -2.245906 -2.716075 -3.154555
#> 3.3962 3.1674 2.9539 2.7548 2.5691 2.3960
#> (Intercept) 31.624783 32.810783 33.916851 34.948373 35.910375 36.807541
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt -3.563484 -3.944852 -4.300517 -4.632212 -4.941551 -5.230042
#> 2.2345 2.0839 1.9435 1.8125 1.6903 1.5764
#> (Intercept) 37.64424 38.424549 39.152268 39.66235 38.91461858 37.2024298
#> am 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.04003869 0.1317208
#> vs 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> wt -5.49909 -5.750004 -5.984008 -6.14803 -6.13666908 -6.1106541
#> 1.4702 1.3711 1.2787 1.1925 1.1121 1.0372
#> (Intercept) 35.6056174 34.1164249 32.7275990 31.4323753 30.2244453 29.0979258
#> am 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.2172248 0.2969661 0.3713332 0.4406881 0.5053688 0.5656902
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -6.0863921 -6.0637653 -6.0426635 -6.0229839 -6.0046306 -5.9875143
#> 0.9673 0.9021 0.8413 0.7846 0.7317 0.6824
#> (Intercept) 28.0473299 27.0675407 26.1537860 25.3016152 24.5068780 23.7657034
#> am 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.6219462 0.6744107 0.7233392 0.7689701 0.8115257 0.8512132
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -5.9715515 -5.9566646 -5.9427810 -5.9298331 -5.9177579 -5.9064965
#> 0.6364 0.5935 0.5535 0.5162 0.4814 0.4490
#> (Intercept) 23.0744814 22.4298455 22.3851991 22.3851853 22.3851850 22.3851850
#> am 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.8882258 0.9227439 0.9251346 0.9251353 0.9251354 0.9251354
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -5.8959940 -5.8861995 -5.8855211 -5.8855209 -5.8855209 -5.8855209
#> 0.4187 0.3905 0.3642 0.3396 0.3167 0.2954
#> (Intercept) 22.3851850 22.3851850 21.1670840 19.6300584 18.1954778 16.8618515
#> am 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.2508782 0.5673028 0.8626305 1.1372003
#> gear 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.9251354 0.9251354 0.9235434 0.9215716 0.9197330 0.9180172
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -5.8855209 -5.8855209 -5.7728747 -5.6307874 -5.4981730 -5.3748816
#> 0.2755 0.2569 0.2396 0.2235 0.2084 0.1943
#> (Intercept) 15.8248353 15.488167 15.489793 15.491214 15.492438 15.493482
#> am 0.0000000 2.740839 2.740044 2.739445 2.738991 2.738646
#> carb -0.1188391 -1.433479 -1.433534 -1.433557 -1.433559 -1.433549
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 1.6288268 1.830322 1.829914 1.829614 1.829394 1.829233
#> gear 0.0000000 1.589020 1.589427 1.589684 1.589840 1.589929
#> hp 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.8479830 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.0000000 2.596447 2.596120 2.595883 2.595713 2.595589
#> wt -5.0980320 -1.773271 -1.773618 -1.773912 -1.774158 -1.774364
#> 0.1812 0.1690 0.1576 0.1470 0.1371 0.1279
#> (Intercept) 15.494364 15.495106 15.495726 15.496242 15.496671 15.497027
#> am 2.738382 2.738180 2.738023 2.737902 2.737808 2.737733
#> carb -1.433533 -1.433514 -1.433494 -1.433474 -1.433456 -1.433440
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 1.829114 1.829027 1.828962 1.828914 1.828879 1.828852
#> gear 1.589974 1.589991 1.589991 1.589981 1.589966 1.589948
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 2.595500 2.595436 2.595389 2.595355 2.595330 2.595312
#> wt -1.774535 -1.774677 -1.774795 -1.774892 -1.774972 -1.775038
#> 0.1192 0.1112 0.1037 0.0967 0.0902
#> (Intercept) 2.79536708 2.79331702 2.81722156 2.81607118 2.81495573
#> am 2.69602370 2.69605275 2.48489145 2.48485802 2.48482561
#> carb -1.10892996 -1.10876797 -0.37569260 -0.37547912 -0.37527212
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.01935258 0.01935682 0.03466916 0.03467426 0.03467921
#> drat 2.01113692 2.01102789 1.71273088 1.71262252 1.71251746
#> gear 2.11802407 2.11796880 2.23913334 2.23913750 2.23914153
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.02303178 -0.02303569 -0.02303949
#> qsec 0.60780073 0.60798211 0.71453701 0.71465205 0.71476360
#> vs 2.46526463 2.46514245 2.67180657 2.67180394 2.67180138
#> wt -3.70470730 -3.70534000 -4.84711999 -4.84767168 -4.84820661
#> 0.0841 0.0785 0.0732 0.0682 0.0636
#> (Intercept) 2.81387416 2.81282544 2.81180858 2.81082259 2.80986655
#> am 2.48479418 2.48476371 2.48473416 2.48470551 2.48467773
#> carb -0.37507140 -0.37487679 -0.37468808 -0.37450510 -0.37432768
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03468401 0.03468867 0.03469318 0.03469756 0.03470180
#> drat 1.71241559 1.71231681 1.71222103 1.71212816 1.71203810
#> gear 2.23914544 2.23914923 2.23915290 2.23915646 2.23915992
#> hp -0.02304316 -0.02304673 -0.02305018 -0.02305354 -0.02305679
#> qsec 0.71487176 0.71497664 0.71507833 0.71517694 0.71527255
#> vs 2.67179890 2.67179650 2.67179417 2.67179191 2.67178972
#> wt -4.84872530 -4.84922823 -4.84971589 -4.85018874 -4.85064722
#> 0.0594 0.0554 0.0516 0.0481 0.0449
#> (Intercept) 2.80893954 2.80804069 2.80716914 2.80632405 2.80550464
#> am 2.48465079 2.48462468 2.48459935 2.48457480 2.48455099
#> carb -0.37415565 -0.37398885 -0.37382711 -0.37367028 -0.37351821
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03470592 0.03470991 0.03471377 0.03471753 0.03472116
#> drat 1.71195079 1.71186613 1.71178403 1.71170443 1.71162725
#> gear 2.23916327 2.23916652 2.23916967 2.23917272 2.23917568
#> hp -0.02305994 -0.02306299 -0.02306595 -0.02306883 -0.02307161
#> qsec 0.71536525 0.71545514 0.71554230 0.71562681 0.71570876
#> vs 2.67178759 2.67178553 2.67178354 2.67178160 2.67177972
#> wt -4.85109179 -4.85152285 -4.85194082 -4.85234609 -4.85273906
#> 0.0419 0.0390 0.0364 0.0340 0.0317
#> (Intercept) 2.80471010 2.80393970 2.80319270 2.80246839 2.80176607
#> am 2.48452790 2.48450552 2.48448381 2.48446276 2.48444236
#> carb -0.37337077 -0.37322780 -0.37308917 -0.37295475 -0.37282442
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03472469 0.03472811 0.03473142 0.03473464 0.03473776
#> drat 1.71155241 1.71147985 1.71140949 1.71134127 1.71127511
#> gear 2.23917855 2.23918134 2.23918404 2.23918665 2.23918919
#> hp -0.02307431 -0.02307693 -0.02307947 -0.02308193 -0.02308432
#> qsec 0.71578821 0.71586526 0.71593996 0.71601240 0.71608263
#> vs 2.67177790 2.67177614 2.67177442 2.67177276 2.67177115
#> wt -4.85312009 -4.85348955 -4.85384779 -4.85419515 -4.85453196
#> 0.0295 0.0275 0.0257 0.0240 0.0223
#> (Intercept) 2.80108508 2.80042477 2.79978452 2.79916372 2.79856176
#> am 2.48442257 2.48440338 2.48438478 2.48436674 2.48434925
#> carb -0.37269805 -0.37257551 -0.37245669 -0.37234148 -0.37222978
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03474078 0.03474371 0.03474655 0.03474931 0.03475198
#> drat 1.71121097 1.71114878 1.71108847 1.71103000 1.71097330
#> gear 2.23919165 2.23919404 2.23919635 2.23919860 2.23920077
#> hp -0.02308664 -0.02308888 -0.02309106 -0.02309317 -0.02309521
#> qsec 0.71615073 0.71621677 0.71628080 0.71634288 0.71640308
#> vs 2.67176959 2.67176808 2.67176661 2.67176519 2.67176381
#> wt -4.85485854 -4.85517520 -4.85548225 -4.85577996 -4.85606864
#> 0.0208 0.0194 0.0181 0.0169 0.0158
#> (Intercept) 2.79797809 2.79741215 2.79686339 2.79633130 2.79581537
#> am 2.48433229 2.48431584 2.48429990 2.48428444 2.48426945
#> carb -0.37212146 -0.37201643 -0.37191460 -0.37181585 -0.37172011
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03475457 0.03475708 0.03475952 0.03476188 0.03476417
#> drat 1.71091832 1.71086501 1.71081333 1.71076321 1.71071461
#> gear 2.23920288 2.23920493 2.23920691 2.23920883 2.23921070
#> hp -0.02309720 -0.02309912 -0.02310099 -0.02310280 -0.02310455
#> qsec 0.71646145 0.71651805 0.71657292 0.71662614 0.71667773
#> vs 2.67176247 2.67176118 2.67175992 2.67175870 2.67175752
#> wt -4.85634855 -4.85661996 -4.85688313 -4.85713830 -4.85738572
#> 0.0147 0.0137 0.0128 0.0119 0.0111
#> (Intercept) 2.79531511 2.79483005 2.79435971 2.79390366 2.79346146
#> am 2.48425491 2.48424082 2.48422715 2.48421390 2.48420105
#> carb -0.37162727 -0.37153726 -0.37144997 -0.37136534 -0.37128328
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03476639 0.03476854 0.03477063 0.03477265 0.03477462
#> drat 1.71066749 1.71062180 1.71057750 1.71053455 1.71049290
#> gear 2.23921251 2.23921426 2.23921596 2.23921761 2.23921920
#> hp -0.02310625 -0.02310790 -0.02310950 -0.02311105 -0.02311255
#> qsec 0.71672776 0.71677627 0.71682330 0.71686891 0.71691313
#> vs 2.67175637 2.67175526 2.67175418 2.67175314 2.67175212
#> wt -4.85762563 -4.85785826 -4.85808381 -4.85830252 -4.85851459
#> 0.0104 0.0097 0.0090 0.0084 0.0078
#> (Intercept) 2.79303269 2.79261694 2.79221382 2.79182294 2.79144393
#> am 2.48418859 2.48417651 2.48416480 2.48415344 2.48414243
#> carb -0.37120371 -0.37112655 -0.37105174 -0.37097921 -0.37090887
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03477652 0.03477837 0.03478016 0.03478189 0.03478357
#> drat 1.71045251 1.71041335 1.71037538 1.71033856 1.71030286
#> gear 2.23922075 2.23922226 2.23922371 2.23922512 2.23922649
#> hp -0.02311401 -0.02311542 -0.02311679 -0.02311812 -0.02311941
#> qsec 0.71695601 0.71699759 0.71703790 0.71707699 0.71711490
#> vs 2.67175114 2.67175019 2.67174926 2.67174837 2.67174750
#> wt -4.85872021 -4.85891959 -4.85911291 -4.85930037 -4.85948213
#> 0.0073 0.0068 0.0064 0.0059 0.0055
#> (Intercept) 2.79107644 2.79072010 2.79037459 2.79003957 2.78971473
#> am 2.48413175 2.48412139 2.48411135 2.48410162 2.48409218
#> carb -0.37084067 -0.37077455 -0.37071043 -0.37064825 -0.37058797
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.03478520 0.03478679 0.03478832 0.03478981 0.03479125
#> drat 1.71026825 1.71023468 1.71020214 1.71017058 1.71013999
#> gear 2.23922782 2.23922911 2.23923036 2.23923157 2.23923274
#> hp -0.02312066 -0.02312187 -0.02312304 -0.02312418 -0.02312529
#> qsec 0.71715165 0.71718728 0.71722184 0.71725534 0.71728783
#> vs 2.67174666 2.67174584 2.67174505 2.67174428 2.67174354
#> wt -4.85965837 -4.85982925 -4.85999495 -4.86015562 -4.86031140
#>
#> $iter
#> [1] 0 8 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
#> [19] 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1
#> [37] 1 1 1 19 19 19 18 61 153 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [55] 1 96 1 164 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [73] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [91] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 5.535041084 5.161997840 4.814096462 4.489642473 4.187055597 3.904862063
#> [7] 3.641687429 3.396249885 3.167354009 2.953884950 2.754802990 2.569138489
#> [13] 2.395987153 2.234505638 2.083907437 1.943459050 1.812476415 1.690321571
#> [19] 1.576399554 1.470155500 1.371071940 1.278666280 1.192488452 1.112118722
#> [25] 1.037165642 0.967264149 0.902073783 0.841277029 0.784577773 0.731699857
#> [31] 0.682385735 0.636395221 0.593504313 0.553504108 0.516199784 0.481409646
#> [37] 0.448964247 0.418705560 0.390486206 0.364168743 0.339624988 0.316735401
#> [43] 0.295388495 0.275480299 0.256913849 0.239598715 0.223450564 0.208390744
#> [49] 0.194345905 0.181247641 0.169032157 0.157639955 0.147015550 0.137107194
#> [55] 0.127866628 0.119248845 0.111211872 0.103716564 0.096726415 0.090207378
#> [61] 0.084127703 0.078457777 0.073169986 0.068238574 0.063639522 0.059350431
#> [67] 0.055350411 0.051619978 0.048140965 0.044896425 0.041870556 0.039048621
#> [73] 0.036416874 0.033962499 0.031673540 0.029538849 0.027548030 0.025691385
#> [79] 0.023959872 0.022345056 0.020839074 0.019434591 0.018124764 0.016903216
#> [85] 0.015763996 0.014701555 0.013710719 0.012786663 0.011924885 0.011121187
#> [91] 0.010371656 0.009672641 0.009020738 0.008412770 0.007845778 0.007316999
#> [97] 0.006823857 0.006363952 0.005935043 0.005535041
#>
#> $penalty
#> [1] "MCP"
#>
#> $family
#> [1] "gaussian"
#>
#> $gamma
#> [1] 3
#>
#> $alpha
#> [1] 1
#>
#> $convex.min
#> [1] 39
#>
#> $loss
#> [1] 790.33143 666.82379 563.49128 477.43055 406.13498 347.44174 299.48588
#> [8] 260.66042 229.58174 205.05954 186.07076 171.73701 161.30492 154.12917
#> [15] 149.65772 147.41908 146.96115 141.47894 129.83899 120.12935 112.07077
#> [22] 105.42218 99.97563 95.55191 91.99667 89.17709 86.97898 85.30426
#> [29] 84.06877 83.20041 82.63746 82.32718 82.22457 82.22413 82.22413
#> [36] 82.22413 82.22413 82.22413 82.22413 80.15828 78.10856 76.75495
#> [43] 75.98104 73.51031 48.52348 48.52347 48.52347 48.52346 48.52346
#> [50] 48.52346 48.52346 48.52346 48.52346 48.52346 48.52346 41.19864
#> [57] 41.19863 37.52191 37.52189 37.52188 37.52186 37.52184 37.52183
#> [64] 37.52182 37.52180 37.52179 37.52178 37.52177 37.52176 37.52175
#> [71] 37.52174 37.52174 37.52173 37.52172 37.52171 37.52171 37.52170
#> [78] 37.52170 37.52169 37.52169 37.52168 37.52168 37.52167 37.52167
#> [85] 37.52167 37.52166 37.52166 37.52166 37.52165 37.52165 37.52165
#> [92] 37.52164 37.52164 37.52164 37.52164 37.52164 37.52164 37.52163
#> [99] 37.52163 37.52163
#>
#> $linear.predictors
#> 5.5350 5.1620 4.8141 4.4896 4.1871 3.9049 3.6417 3.3962
#> 1 20.54286 20.84732 21.13126 21.39607 21.64303 21.87335 22.08814 22.28846
#> 2 20.54286 20.47751 20.41656 20.35972 20.30672 20.25728 20.21118 20.16818
#> 3 20.54286 20.33766 20.14630 19.96783 19.80139 19.64616 19.50140 19.36640
#> 4 20.54286 20.32523 20.12227 19.93299 19.75647 19.59184 19.43831 19.29513
#> 5 20.54286 20.25686 19.99014 19.74140 19.50942 19.29307 19.09131 18.90315
#> 6 20.54286 20.49305 20.44659 20.40327 20.36286 20.32518 20.29004 20.25727
#> 7 20.54286 20.51791 20.49464 20.47294 20.45270 20.43383 20.41622 20.39981
#> 8 20.54286 20.33766 20.14630 19.96783 19.80139 19.64616 19.50140 19.36640
#> 9 20.54286 20.12634 19.73789 19.37563 19.03778 18.72270 18.42885 18.15481
#> 10 20.54286 19.10454 17.76315 16.51218 15.34551 14.25747 13.24277 12.29645
#> 11 20.54286 21.47196 22.33845 23.14654 23.90017 24.60300 25.25847 25.86976
#> 12 20.54286 21.33523 22.07419 22.76335 23.40607 24.00546 24.56446 25.08579
#> 13 20.54286 20.28794 20.05020 19.82849 19.62171 19.42888 19.24904 19.08132
#> 14 20.54286 20.34077 20.15230 19.97654 19.81262 19.65974 19.51718 19.38422
#> 15 20.54286 20.08905 19.66582 19.27112 18.90302 18.55973 18.23958 17.94100
#> 16 20.54286 20.08594 19.65982 19.26241 18.89180 18.54615 18.22381 17.92319
#> 17 20.54286 21.27307 21.95407 22.58918 23.18148 23.73386 24.24901 24.72944
#> 18 20.54286 21.14566 21.70783 22.23212 22.72107 23.17706 23.60233 23.99893
#> 19 20.54286 21.53536 22.46097 23.32420 24.12925 24.88004 25.58023 26.23323
#> 20 20.54286 20.75409 20.95109 21.13481 21.30614 21.46593 21.61496 21.75393
#> 21 20.54286 20.25686 19.99014 19.74140 19.50942 19.29307 19.09131 18.90315
#> 3.1674 2.9539 2.7548 2.5691 2.3960 2.2345 2.0839
#> 1 22.47527 22.64950 22.811979 22.963511 23.104831 23.236625 23.359538
#> 2 20.12808 20.09069 20.055813 20.023288 19.992956 19.964667 19.938285
#> 3 19.24049 19.12307 19.013566 18.911439 18.816196 18.727372 18.644534
#> 4 19.16160 19.03706 18.920921 18.812608 18.711595 18.617390 18.529534
#> 5 18.72766 18.56400 18.411378 18.269038 18.136291 18.012490 17.897034
#> 6 20.22671 20.19820 20.171618 20.146827 20.123707 20.102144 20.082035
#> 7 20.38450 20.37022 20.356907 20.344489 20.332908 20.322108 20.312036
#> 8 19.24049 19.12307 19.013566 18.911439 18.816196 18.727372 18.644534
#> 9 17.89924 17.66090 17.438614 17.231312 17.037982 16.857681 16.689533
#> 10 11.41391 10.59085 9.823258 9.107402 8.439793 7.817178 7.236526
#> 11 26.43985 26.97152 27.467352 27.929770 28.361023 28.763211 29.138292
#> 12 25.57198 26.02540 26.448265 26.842629 27.210414 27.553411 27.873291
#> 13 18.92490 18.77903 18.642989 18.516115 18.397793 18.287445 18.184534
#> 14 19.26022 19.14457 19.036727 18.936147 18.842346 18.754867 18.673284
#> 15 17.66255 17.40287 17.160681 16.934819 16.724179 16.527736 16.344533
#> 16 17.64283 17.38136 17.137520 16.910111 16.698029 16.500241 16.315782
#> 17 25.17749 25.59535 25.985044 26.348474 26.687409 27.003502 27.298291
#> 18 24.36880 24.71374 25.035441 25.335456 25.615251 25.876189 26.119540
#> 19 26.84222 27.41017 27.939837 28.433808 28.894487 29.324118 29.724793
#> 20 21.88354 22.00442 22.117147 22.222279 22.320324 22.411762 22.497037
#> 21 18.72766 18.56400 18.411378 18.269038 18.136291 18.012490 17.897034
#> 1.9435 1.8125 1.6903 1.5764 1.4702 1.3711 1.2787
#> 1 23.474166 23.554514 23.495582 23.360640 23.234790 23.117422 23.00796
#> 2 19.913681 19.896436 19.963580 20.117328 20.260717 20.394441 20.51915
#> 3 18.567280 18.513129 18.485935 18.423667 18.365595 18.311436 18.26093
#> 4 18.447599 18.390168 18.491326 18.722960 18.938986 19.140452 19.32834
#> 5 17.789358 17.713885 17.640923 17.473851 17.318038 17.172726 17.03721
#> 6 20.063282 20.050136 20.139418 20.343858 20.534522 20.712336 20.87817
#> 7 20.302642 20.296058 20.500997 20.970275 21.407930 21.816089 22.19674
#> 8 18.567280 18.513129 18.537185 18.592270 18.643642 18.691553 18.73623
#> 9 16.532717 16.422799 16.438706 16.475131 16.509102 16.540783 16.57033
#> 10 6.695007 6.315437 6.342815 6.405506 6.463972 6.518498 6.56935
#> 11 29.488095 29.733284 29.745415 29.773192 29.799097 29.823257 29.84579
#> 12 28.171613 28.380717 28.450601 28.610623 28.759861 28.899042 29.02884
#> 13 18.088559 18.021286 17.988996 17.915057 17.846099 17.781790 17.72181
#> 14 18.597200 18.543869 18.527830 18.491102 18.456849 18.424905 18.39511
#> 15 16.173676 16.053917 15.966806 15.767335 15.581306 15.407814 15.24602
#> 16 16.143756 16.023177 16.001786 15.952804 15.907122 15.864520 15.82479
#> 17 27.573212 27.765914 27.796895 27.867836 27.933997 27.995699 28.05324
#> 18 26.346490 26.505568 26.450793 26.325367 26.208392 26.099302 25.99756
#> 19 30.098464 30.360383 30.306492 30.183091 30.068005 29.960676 29.86058
#> 20 22.576565 22.632309 22.536645 22.317590 22.113296 21.922770 21.74509
#> 21 17.789358 17.713885 17.591275 17.310518 17.048680 16.804488 16.57675
#> 1.1925 1.1121 1.0372 0.9673 0.9021 0.8413 0.7846
#> 1 22.905884 22.810684 22.721900 22.639099 22.56188 22.489863 22.422701
#> 2 20.635460 20.743928 20.845085 20.939425 21.02741 21.109459 21.185981
#> 3 18.213823 18.169893 18.128924 18.090717 18.05508 18.021853 17.990861
#> 4 19.503565 19.666981 19.819383 19.961513 20.09406 20.217682 20.332969
#> 5 16.910823 16.792956 16.683033 16.580518 16.48491 16.395751 16.312598
#> 6 21.032820 21.177050 21.311560 21.437004 21.55399 21.663099 21.764850
#> 7 22.551735 22.882805 23.191562 23.479510 23.74805 23.998494 24.232057
#> 8 18.777904 18.816765 18.853008 18.886808 18.91833 18.947727 18.975143
#> 9 16.597883 16.623580 16.647546 16.669896 16.69074 16.710179 16.728309
#> 10 6.616774 6.661001 6.702248 6.740715 6.77659 6.810046 6.841248
#> 11 29.866801 29.886397 29.904673 29.921717 29.93761 29.952437 29.966262
#> 12 29.149894 29.262788 29.368073 29.466262 29.55783 29.643233 29.722877
#> 13 17.665881 17.613718 17.565070 17.519700 17.47739 17.437929 17.401129
#> 14 18.367331 18.341420 18.317255 18.294719 18.27370 18.254101 18.235822
#> 15 15.095122 14.954397 14.823157 14.700763 14.58662 14.480164 14.380886
#> 16 15.787735 15.753179 15.720952 15.690897 15.66287 15.636726 15.612348
#> 17 28.106908 28.156956 28.203631 28.247160 28.28776 28.325616 28.360924
#> 18 25.902682 25.814195 25.731672 25.654711 25.58294 25.515999 25.453574
#> 19 29.767230 29.680172 29.598981 29.523263 29.45265 29.386791 29.325373
#> 20 21.579376 21.424835 21.280710 21.146298 21.02094 20.904040 20.795015
#> 21 16.364370 16.166299 15.981577 15.809305 15.64864 15.498810 15.359075
#> 0.7317 0.6824 0.6364 0.5935 0.5535 0.5162 0.4814
#> 1 22.360065 22.301651 22.247174 22.196368 22.192849 22.192848 22.192848
#> 2 21.257346 21.323901 21.385970 21.443856 21.447865 21.447867 21.447867
#> 3 17.961958 17.935003 17.909865 17.886421 17.884798 17.884797 17.884797
#> 4 20.440485 20.540756 20.634268 20.721478 20.727518 20.727520 20.727520
#> 5 16.235049 16.162727 16.095279 16.032377 16.028021 16.028020 16.028020
#> 6 21.859744 21.948243 22.030777 22.107748 22.113079 22.113081 22.113081
#> 7 24.449879 24.653021 24.842471 25.019153 25.031390 25.031394 25.031394
#> 8 19.000711 19.024556 19.046794 19.067533 19.068970 19.068970 19.068970
#> 9 16.745216 16.760983 16.775688 16.789402 16.790352 16.790353 16.790353
#> 10 6.870347 6.897485 6.922794 6.946397 6.948031 6.948032 6.948032
#> 11 29.979155 29.991179 30.002393 30.012851 30.013575 30.013576 30.013576
#> 12 29.797154 29.866424 29.931026 29.991274 29.995447 29.995448 29.995448
#> 13 17.366809 17.334802 17.304952 17.277114 17.275186 17.275185 17.275185
#> 14 18.218774 18.202876 18.188048 18.174220 18.173263 18.173263 18.173262
#> 15 14.288299 14.201952 14.121424 14.046324 14.041122 14.041121 14.041121
#> 16 15.589612 15.568409 15.548634 15.530193 15.528916 15.528915 15.528915
#> 17 28.393852 28.424561 28.453201 28.479910 28.481760 28.481760 28.481760
#> 18 25.395355 25.341061 25.290425 25.243202 25.239932 25.239931 25.239931
#> 19 29.268095 29.214676 29.164859 29.118398 29.115181 29.115180 29.115179
#> 20 20.693337 20.598512 20.510078 20.427604 20.421892 20.421890 20.421890
#> 21 15.228758 15.107223 14.993879 14.888175 14.880854 14.880852 14.880852
#> 0.4490 0.4187 0.3905 0.3642 0.3396 0.3167 0.2954
#> 1 22.192848 22.192848 22.192848 22.22210 22.258945 22.293329 22.325306
#> 2 21.447867 21.447867 21.447867 21.33368 21.189721 21.055363 20.930438
#> 3 17.884797 17.884797 17.884797 17.81737 17.732302 17.652904 17.579092
#> 4 20.727520 20.727520 20.727520 20.55941 20.347467 20.149661 19.965741
#> 5 16.028020 16.028020 16.028020 15.99217 15.946883 15.904615 15.865329
#> 6 22.113081 22.113081 22.113081 22.14822 22.192626 22.234073 22.272592
#> 7 25.031394 25.031394 25.031394 25.11511 25.220894 25.319630 25.411393
#> 8 19.068970 19.068970 19.068970 19.19268 19.348737 19.494388 19.629798
#> 9 16.790353 16.790353 16.790353 16.73959 16.675590 16.615854 16.560313
#> 10 6.948032 6.948032 6.948032 7.06519 7.212982 7.350921 7.479161
#> 11 30.013576 30.013576 30.013576 30.18474 30.400645 30.602152 30.789493
#> 12 29.995448 29.995448 29.995448 30.01108 30.030856 30.049318 30.066471
#> 13 17.275185 17.275185 17.275185 17.11917 16.922355 16.738665 16.567891
#> 14 18.173262 18.173262 18.173262 18.10483 18.018496 17.937921 17.863011
#> 15 14.041121 14.041121 14.041121 14.16682 14.325292 14.473191 14.610708
#> 16 15.528915 15.528915 15.528915 15.48950 15.439769 15.393352 15.350201
#> 17 28.481760 28.481760 28.481760 28.47512 28.466783 28.458999 28.451757
#> 18 25.239931 25.239931 25.239931 25.34770 25.483570 25.610382 25.728289
#> 19 29.115179 29.115179 29.115179 28.98642 28.823968 28.672347 28.531391
#> 20 20.421890 20.421890 20.421890 20.39932 20.370773 20.344123 20.319361
#> 21 14.880852 14.880852 14.880852 14.92976 14.991344 15.048814 15.102264
#> 0.2755 0.2569 0.2396 0.2235 0.2084 0.1943 0.1812 0.1690
#> 1 22.302860 21.34346 21.34319 21.34301 21.34290 21.34282 21.34277 21.34274
#> 2 20.817399 21.35452 21.35461 21.35468 21.35473 21.35477 21.35479 21.35481
#> 3 17.613402 17.05373 17.05399 17.05418 17.05433 17.05444 17.05453 17.05460
#> 4 19.708583 20.33437 20.33450 20.33459 20.33465 20.33469 20.33472 20.33473
#> 5 15.810089 14.06607 14.06614 14.06624 14.06633 14.06643 14.06652 14.06660
#> 6 22.294466 22.67089 22.67109 22.67122 22.67129 22.67134 22.67136 22.67137
#> 7 25.332168 23.16280 23.16292 23.16298 23.16302 23.16303 23.16304 23.16303
#> 8 19.715339 19.78159 19.78150 19.78144 19.78140 19.78137 19.78135 19.78135
#> 9 16.461949 14.87092 14.87103 14.87112 14.87120 14.87127 14.87132 14.87137
#> 10 7.695291 10.39406 10.39357 10.39318 10.39287 10.39262 10.39242 10.39225
#> 11 31.088596 30.47423 30.47368 30.47329 30.47303 30.47285 30.47273 30.47265
#> 12 30.099618 30.21806 30.21778 30.21756 30.21741 30.21729 30.21720 30.21713
#> 13 16.443119 16.19804 16.19843 16.19872 16.19893 16.19909 16.19921 16.19930
#> 14 17.876327 17.06260 17.06285 17.06305 17.06320 17.06331 17.06340 17.06347
#> 15 14.915978 14.53905 14.53882 14.53868 14.53860 14.53855 14.53853 14.53853
#> 16 15.460121 16.20743 16.20758 16.20767 16.20774 16.20778 16.20780 16.20782
#> 17 28.513796 29.78449 29.78423 29.78403 29.78388 29.78376 29.78367 29.78360
#> 18 26.054387 27.62068 27.62088 27.62098 27.62103 27.62104 27.62102 27.62099
#> 19 28.345424 30.12095 30.12131 30.12156 30.12174 30.12186 30.12194 30.12199
#> 20 20.030341 19.28704 19.28713 19.28721 19.28726 19.28731 19.28735 19.28738
#> 21 14.820747 14.85504 14.85477 14.85459 14.85447 14.85438 14.85433 14.85429
#> 0.1576 0.1470 0.1371 0.1279 0.1192 0.1112 0.1037 0.0967
#> 1 21.34273 21.34272 21.34272 21.34272 20.76568 20.76567 21.51092 21.51102
#> 2 21.35483 21.35484 21.35485 21.35486 21.59805 21.59813 21.82420 21.82429
#> 3 17.05465 17.05469 17.05472 17.05474 17.83417 17.83437 18.11600 18.11616
#> 4 20.33474 20.33474 20.33474 20.33474 19.88229 19.88224 19.61700 19.61693
#> 5 14.06667 14.06674 14.06679 14.06684 14.53816 14.53838 14.38187 14.38198
#> 6 22.67136 22.67136 22.67135 22.67134 22.11299 22.11274 22.50058 22.50051
#> 7 23.16302 23.16301 23.16299 23.16298 24.37218 24.37244 24.19595 24.19606
#> 8 19.78134 19.78134 19.78134 19.78134 18.80272 18.80240 19.03627 19.03615
#> 9 14.87141 14.87144 14.87146 14.87148 14.27090 14.27088 13.62121 13.62107
#> 10 10.39212 10.39202 10.39193 10.39186 10.38599 10.38585 10.60829 10.60825
#> 11 30.47260 30.47257 30.47255 30.47254 30.86415 30.86423 31.45476 31.45491
#> 12 30.21708 30.21704 30.21701 30.21699 30.47988 30.47997 30.07522 30.07519
#> 13 16.19937 16.19942 16.19946 16.19949 15.84947 15.84945 16.07277 16.07280
#> 14 17.06352 17.06356 17.06359 17.06362 16.93913 16.93915 16.97463 16.97464
#> 15 14.53854 14.53855 14.53857 14.53858 14.12880 14.12867 13.30983 13.30962
#> 16 16.20783 16.20783 16.20783 16.20783 16.98532 16.98544 17.44123 17.44138
#> 17 29.78354 29.78350 29.78347 29.78344 29.37294 29.37283 28.88704 28.88689
#> 18 27.62096 27.62092 27.62089 27.62085 27.32330 27.32303 26.96853 26.96831
#> 19 30.12203 30.12205 30.12206 30.12207 30.41794 30.41795 30.31162 30.31163
#> 20 19.28740 19.28742 19.28744 19.28745 18.67324 18.67320 19.08898 19.08901
#> 21 14.85426 14.85425 14.85424 14.85423 15.80271 15.80299 15.40310 15.40319
#> 0.0902 0.0841 0.0785 0.0732 0.0682 0.0636 0.0594 0.0554
#> 1 21.51112 21.51121 21.51130 21.51139 21.51147 21.51155 21.51163 21.51171
#> 2 21.82438 21.82446 21.82454 21.82462 21.82470 21.82477 21.82484 21.82491
#> 3 18.11632 18.11647 18.11662 18.11676 18.11690 18.11703 18.11716 18.11729
#> 4 19.61686 19.61679 19.61673 19.61667 19.61661 19.61655 19.61649 19.61644
#> 5 14.38207 14.38217 14.38226 14.38235 14.38244 14.38252 14.38260 14.38268
#> 6 22.50045 22.50040 22.50034 22.50029 22.50023 22.50018 22.50013 22.50008
#> 7 24.19617 24.19627 24.19637 24.19647 24.19656 24.19665 24.19674 24.19683
#> 8 19.03603 19.03591 19.03579 19.03568 19.03558 19.03547 19.03537 19.03527
#> 9 13.62094 13.62080 13.62068 13.62055 13.62043 13.62032 13.62020 13.62009
#> 10 10.60821 10.60817 10.60813 10.60809 10.60805 10.60802 10.60798 10.60795
#> 11 31.45505 31.45518 31.45532 31.45545 31.45557 31.45569 31.45581 31.45592
#> 12 30.07516 30.07514 30.07511 30.07509 30.07506 30.07504 30.07502 30.07500
#> 13 16.07283 16.07285 16.07287 16.07290 16.07292 16.07294 16.07296 16.07298
#> 14 16.97464 16.97465 16.97466 16.97467 16.97468 16.97468 16.97469 16.97470
#> 15 13.30943 13.30923 13.30905 13.30887 13.30869 13.30852 13.30836 13.30820
#> 16 17.44153 17.44167 17.44181 17.44195 17.44208 17.44221 17.44233 17.44245
#> 17 28.88675 28.88661 28.88648 28.88635 28.88623 28.88610 28.88599 28.88587
#> 18 26.96810 26.96790 26.96770 26.96751 26.96732 26.96714 26.96697 26.96680
#> 19 30.31164 30.31164 30.31165 30.31165 30.31166 30.31166 30.31167 30.31167
#> 20 19.08905 19.08908 19.08912 19.08915 19.08918 19.08921 19.08924 19.08927
#> 21 15.40329 15.40338 15.40347 15.40356 15.40364 15.40373 15.40380 15.40388
#> 0.0516 0.0481 0.0449 0.0419 0.0390 0.0364 0.0340 0.0317
#> 1 21.51179 21.51186 21.51193 21.51200 21.51207 21.51213 21.51219 21.51225
#> 2 21.82498 21.82505 21.82511 21.82517 21.82523 21.82529 21.82535 21.82540
#> 3 18.11741 18.11753 18.11765 18.11776 18.11787 18.11797 18.11808 18.11817
#> 4 19.61638 19.61633 19.61628 19.61623 19.61618 19.61614 19.61609 19.61605
#> 5 14.38276 14.38283 14.38290 14.38297 14.38304 14.38311 14.38317 14.38323
#> 6 22.50004 22.49999 22.49995 22.49990 22.49986 22.49982 22.49978 22.49975
#> 7 24.19691 24.19699 24.19707 24.19714 24.19722 24.19729 24.19736 24.19743
#> 8 19.03518 19.03509 19.03500 19.03491 19.03483 19.03475 19.03467 19.03459
#> 9 13.61999 13.61988 13.61978 13.61969 13.61959 13.61950 13.61941 13.61933
#> 10 10.60791 10.60788 10.60785 10.60782 10.60779 10.60777 10.60774 10.60771
#> 11 31.45603 31.45614 31.45624 31.45635 31.45644 31.45654 31.45663 31.45672
#> 12 30.07497 30.07495 30.07493 30.07492 30.07490 30.07488 30.07486 30.07484
#> 13 16.07300 16.07302 16.07304 16.07306 16.07307 16.07309 16.07311 16.07312
#> 14 16.97470 16.97471 16.97472 16.97472 16.97473 16.97473 16.97474 16.97474
#> 15 13.30804 13.30789 13.30774 13.30760 13.30747 13.30733 13.30720 13.30708
#> 16 17.44257 17.44268 17.44279 17.44290 17.44300 17.44310 17.44320 17.44329
#> 17 28.88576 28.88565 28.88555 28.88545 28.88535 28.88526 28.88516 28.88507
#> 18 26.96663 26.96647 26.96632 26.96617 26.96602 26.96588 26.96575 26.96561
#> 19 30.31168 30.31168 30.31169 30.31169 30.31169 30.31170 30.31170 30.31171
#> 20 19.08930 19.08932 19.08935 19.08938 19.08940 19.08942 19.08945 19.08947
#> 21 15.40396 15.40403 15.40410 15.40417 15.40423 15.40430 15.40436 15.40442
#> 0.0295 0.0275 0.0257 0.0240 0.0223 0.0208 0.0194 0.0181
#> 1 21.51231 21.51237 21.51242 21.51248 21.51253 21.51258 21.51263 21.51268
#> 2 21.82545 21.82550 21.82555 21.82560 21.82565 21.82569 21.82574 21.82578
#> 3 18.11827 18.11836 18.11845 18.11854 18.11862 18.11871 18.11879 18.11886
#> 4 19.61601 19.61597 19.61593 19.61589 19.61586 19.61582 19.61578 19.61575
#> 5 14.38329 14.38335 14.38341 14.38346 14.38351 14.38357 14.38362 14.38366
#> 6 22.49971 22.49968 22.49964 22.49961 22.49958 22.49954 22.49951 22.49948
#> 7 24.19749 24.19755 24.19762 24.19767 24.19773 24.19779 24.19784 24.19789
#> 8 19.03452 19.03445 19.03438 19.03431 19.03425 19.03418 19.03412 19.03406
#> 9 13.61924 13.61916 13.61909 13.61901 13.61894 13.61887 13.61880 13.61873
#> 10 10.60769 10.60766 10.60764 10.60761 10.60759 10.60757 10.60755 10.60753
#> 11 31.45680 31.45689 31.45697 31.45705 31.45712 31.45720 31.45727 31.45734
#> 12 30.07483 30.07481 30.07480 30.07478 30.07477 30.07475 30.07474 30.07473
#> 13 16.07314 16.07315 16.07317 16.07318 16.07320 16.07321 16.07322 16.07323
#> 14 16.97475 16.97475 16.97476 16.97476 16.97477 16.97477 16.97478 16.97478
#> 15 13.30696 13.30684 13.30673 13.30662 13.30651 13.30640 13.30630 13.30621
#> 16 17.44338 17.44347 17.44356 17.44364 17.44372 17.44380 17.44387 17.44395
#> 17 28.88499 28.88490 28.88482 28.88474 28.88467 28.88459 28.88452 28.88445
#> 18 26.96549 26.96536 26.96524 26.96512 26.96501 26.96490 26.96479 26.96469
#> 19 30.31171 30.31171 30.31172 30.31172 30.31172 30.31173 30.31173 30.31173
#> 20 19.08949 19.08951 19.08953 19.08955 19.08957 19.08959 19.08961 19.08963
#> 21 15.40448 15.40453 15.40459 15.40464 15.40469 15.40474 15.40479 15.40484
#> 0.0169 0.0158 0.0147 0.0137 0.0128 0.0119 0.0111 0.0104
#> 1 21.51272 21.51277 21.51281 21.51285 21.51289 21.51293 21.51297 21.51301
#> 2 21.82582 21.82586 21.82590 21.82594 21.82597 21.82601 21.82604 21.82608
#> 3 18.11894 18.11901 18.11908 18.11915 18.11922 18.11928 18.11934 18.11940
#> 4 19.61572 19.61569 19.61566 19.61563 19.61560 19.61557 19.61554 19.61552
#> 5 14.38371 14.38376 14.38380 14.38384 14.38388 14.38392 14.38396 14.38400
#> 6 22.49946 22.49943 22.49940 22.49938 22.49935 22.49933 22.49930 22.49928
#> 7 24.19795 24.19799 24.19804 24.19809 24.19813 24.19818 24.19822 24.19826
#> 8 19.03400 19.03395 19.03389 19.03384 19.03379 19.03374 19.03369 19.03365
#> 9 13.61866 13.61860 13.61854 13.61848 13.61842 13.61837 13.61831 13.61826
#> 10 10.60751 10.60749 10.60747 10.60745 10.60743 10.60742 10.60740 10.60738
#> 11 31.45741 31.45747 31.45754 31.45760 31.45766 31.45771 31.45777 31.45783
#> 12 30.07471 30.07470 30.07469 30.07468 30.07467 30.07466 30.07464 30.07463
#> 13 16.07325 16.07326 16.07327 16.07328 16.07329 16.07330 16.07331 16.07332
#> 14 16.97478 16.97479 16.97479 16.97480 16.97480 16.97480 16.97481 16.97481
#> 15 13.30611 13.30602 13.30593 13.30584 13.30576 13.30568 13.30560 13.30552
#> 16 17.44402 17.44409 17.44415 17.44422 17.44428 17.44434 17.44440 17.44446
#> 17 28.88438 28.88432 28.88425 28.88419 28.88413 28.88407 28.88402 28.88396
#> 18 26.96459 26.96449 26.96440 26.96431 26.96422 26.96413 26.96405 26.96397
#> 19 30.31173 30.31174 30.31174 30.31174 30.31174 30.31175 30.31175 30.31175
#> 20 19.08964 19.08966 19.08968 19.08969 19.08971 19.08972 19.08973 19.08975
#> 21 15.40488 15.40493 15.40497 15.40501 15.40505 15.40509 15.40513 15.40516
#> 0.0097 0.0090 0.0084 0.0078 0.0073 0.0068 0.0064 0.0059
#> 1 21.51304 21.51308 21.51311 21.51314 21.51317 21.51321 21.51323 21.51326
#> 2 21.82611 21.82614 21.82617 21.82620 21.82623 21.82626 21.82628 21.82631
#> 3 18.11946 18.11952 18.11957 18.11963 18.11968 18.11973 18.11978 18.11982
#> 4 19.61549 19.61547 19.61544 19.61542 19.61540 19.61537 19.61535 19.61533
#> 5 14.38404 14.38407 14.38411 14.38414 14.38417 14.38420 14.38423 14.38426
#> 6 22.49926 22.49924 22.49921 22.49919 22.49917 22.49916 22.49914 22.49912
#> 7 24.19830 24.19834 24.19838 24.19841 24.19845 24.19848 24.19851 24.19855
#> 8 19.03360 19.03356 19.03351 19.03347 19.03343 19.03339 19.03336 19.03332
#> 9 13.61821 13.61816 13.61811 13.61807 13.61802 13.61798 13.61794 13.61790
#> 10 10.60737 10.60735 10.60734 10.60732 10.60731 10.60730 10.60728 10.60727
#> 11 31.45788 31.45793 31.45798 31.45803 31.45807 31.45812 31.45816 31.45820
#> 12 30.07462 30.07461 30.07461 30.07460 30.07459 30.07458 30.07457 30.07456
#> 13 16.07333 16.07334 16.07335 16.07336 16.07337 16.07337 16.07338 16.07339
#> 14 16.97481 16.97482 16.97482 16.97482 16.97482 16.97483 16.97483 16.97483
#> 15 13.30545 13.30538 13.30531 13.30524 13.30518 13.30511 13.30505 13.30499
#> 16 17.44451 17.44457 17.44462 17.44467 17.44472 17.44477 17.44481 17.44486
#> 17 28.88391 28.88386 28.88381 28.88376 28.88371 28.88367 28.88363 28.88358
#> 18 26.96389 26.96381 26.96374 26.96367 26.96360 26.96353 26.96347 26.96340
#> 19 30.31175 30.31176 30.31176 30.31176 30.31176 30.31176 30.31177 30.31177
#> 20 19.08976 19.08977 19.08979 19.08980 19.08981 19.08982 19.08983 19.08984
#> 21 15.40520 15.40523 15.40527 15.40530 15.40533 15.40536 15.40539 15.40542
#> 0.0055
#> 1 21.51329
#> 2 21.82633
#> 3 18.11987
#> 4 19.61531
#> 5 14.38429
#> 6 22.49910
#> 7 24.19858
#> 8 19.03328
#> 9 13.61786
#> 10 10.60726
#> 11 31.45825
#> 12 30.07455
#> 13 16.07340
#> 14 16.97483
#> 15 13.30493
#> 16 17.44490
#> 17 28.88354
#> 18 26.96334
#> 19 30.31177
#> 20 19.08985
#> 21 15.40545
#>
#> $penalty.factor
#> [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $n
#> [1] 21
#>
#> $y
#> [1] 21.0 21.4 18.7 18.1 14.3 24.4 22.8 19.2 15.2 10.4 30.4 33.9 15.5 15.2 13.3
#> [16] 19.2 27.3 26.0 30.4 19.7 15.0
#>
#> $X
#> am carb cyl disp drat gear
#> [1,] 1.2747549 0.6860266 -0.1097643 -0.59484669 0.58708354 0.3735437
#> [2,] -0.7844645 -1.0427605 -0.1097643 0.24762423 -0.88019927 -0.9338592
#> [3,] -0.7844645 -0.4664981 1.0427605 1.12448171 -0.75494342 -0.9338592
#> [4,] -0.7844645 -1.0427605 -0.1097643 -0.03606496 -1.45279744 -0.9338592
#> [5,] -0.7844645 0.6860266 1.0427605 1.12448171 -0.64758126 -0.9338592
#> [6,] -0.7844645 -0.4664981 -1.2622890 -0.70918203 0.21131599 0.3735437
#> [7,] -0.7844645 -0.4664981 -1.2622890 -0.75990222 0.62287092 0.3735437
#> [8,] -0.7844645 0.6860266 -0.1097643 -0.52951221 0.62287092 0.3735437
#> [9,] -0.7844645 0.1097643 1.0427605 0.40064445 -0.89809296 -0.9338592
#> [10,] -0.7844645 0.6860266 1.0427605 1.98414591 -1.02334881 -0.9338592
#> [11,] 1.2747549 -0.4664981 -1.2622890 -1.31954361 2.43013389 0.3735437
#> [12,] 1.2747549 -1.0427605 -1.2622890 -1.35908816 1.15968171 0.3735437
#> [13,] -0.7844645 -0.4664981 1.0427605 0.76342274 -1.45279744 -0.9338592
#> [14,] -0.7844645 -0.4664981 1.0427605 0.64306976 -0.75494342 -0.9338592
#> [15,] -0.7844645 0.6860266 1.0427605 1.03851529 0.28289076 -0.9338592
#> [16,] -0.7844645 -0.4664981 1.0427605 1.46834739 -0.88019927 -0.9338592
#> [17,] 1.2747549 -1.0427605 -1.2622890 -1.29117469 0.90917001 0.3735437
#> [18,] 1.2747549 -0.4664981 -1.2622890 -0.93613338 1.53544925 1.6809466
#> [19,] 1.2747549 -0.4664981 -1.2622890 -1.15276875 0.35446553 1.6809466
#> [20,] 1.2747549 1.8385514 -0.1097643 -0.72379632 0.08606014 1.6809466
#> [21,] 1.2747549 2.9910761 1.0427605 0.61727983 -0.05708940 1.6809466
#> hp qsec vs wt
#> [1,] -0.49164016 -0.69602204 -0.8660254 -0.54410734
#> [2,] -0.49164016 0.86014299 1.1547005 0.11678711
#> [3,] 0.43145313 -0.40358834 -0.8660254 0.36670518
#> [4,] -0.56264734 1.26746136 1.1547005 0.38892012
#> [5,] 1.42555360 -1.01978792 -0.8660254 0.51110229
#> [6,] -1.17330906 1.15257669 1.1547005 0.08901844
#> [7,] -0.70466169 2.66696548 1.1547005 0.04458856
#> [8,] -0.30702151 0.26483154 1.1547005 0.36670518
#> [9,] 0.50246031 0.10817063 -0.8660254 0.74435915
#> [10,] 0.99951054 0.01417408 -0.8660254 2.57042718
#> [11,] -1.31532341 0.37971620 1.1547005 -1.66040805
#> [12,] -1.13070475 1.10035639 1.1547005 -1.41604372
#> [13,] 0.07641725 -0.48191880 -0.8660254 0.45556494
#> [14,] 0.07641725 -0.25737149 -0.8660254 0.36115145
#> [15,] 1.42555360 -1.24433522 -0.8660254 0.81100397
#> [16,] 0.43145313 -0.38792225 -0.8660254 0.81655771
#> [17,] -1.11650332 0.57815336 1.1547005 -1.30496902
#> [18,] -0.76146744 -0.57069331 -0.8660254 -1.07726589
#> [19,] -0.44903586 -0.46625271 1.1547005 -1.77370424
#> [20,] 0.43145313 -1.19733695 -0.8660254 -0.37749529
#> [21,] 2.70368278 -1.66731968 -0.8660254 0.51110229
#> attr(,"center")
#> [1] 0.3809524 2.8095238 6.1904762 229.1952381 3.5719048 3.7142857
#> [7] 144.6190476 17.7928571 0.4285714 3.1098571
#> attr(,"scale")
#> [1] 0.4856209 1.7353207 1.7353207 116.3244906 0.5588561 0.7648752
#> [7] 70.4154178 1.9149640 0.4948717 0.9002950
#> attr(,"nonsingular")
#> [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "ncvreg"
#>
#> $min
#> [1] 34
#>
#> $lambda.min
#> [1] 0.5535041
#>
#> $null.dev
#> [1] 37.63483
#>
#> $Bias
#> [1] 2.849962
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "cv.ncvreg"
# Make predictions for the test rows
predictions = learner$predict(task, row_ids = ids$test)
# Score the predictions
predictions$score()
#> regr.mse
#> 12.22916