Cross-Validated MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Learner
Source:R/learner_ncvreg_regr_cv_ncvreg.R
mlr_learners_regr.cv_ncvreg.RdMCP- or SCAD-penalized regression models with k-fold cross validation
for choosing the regularization parameter lambda.
Calls ncvreg::cv.ncvreg() from package ncvreg with family set to
"gaussian" (default). Poisson family is also supported.
Covariates are internally standardized by ncvreg prior to model fitting.
Meta Information
Task type: “regr”
Predict Types: “response”
Feature Types: “integer”, “numeric”
Required Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, ncvreg
Parameters
| Id | Type | Default | Levels | Range |
| family | character | gaussian | gaussian, poisson | - |
| penalty | character | MCP | MCP, SCAD, lasso | - |
| gamma | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| alpha | numeric | 1 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| lambda.min | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| nlambda | integer | 100 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| lambda | untyped | - | - | |
| eps | numeric | 1e-04 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| max.iter | integer | 10000 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| convex | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| dfmax | integer | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| penalty.factor | untyped | - | - | |
| warn | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| returnX | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| cluster | untyped | - | - | |
| nfolds | integer | 10 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| fold | untyped | - | - | |
| returnY | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| trace | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| pred_lambda | numeric | - | \((-\infty, \infty)\) |
References
Breheny P, Huang J (2011). “Coordinate descent algorithms for nonconvex penalized regression, with applications to biological feature selection.” Annals of Applied Statistics, 5(1), 232–253. ISSN 1932-6157, doi:10.1214/10-AOAS388 .
See also
as.data.table(mlr_learners)for a table of available Learners in the running session (depending on the loaded packages).Chapter in the mlr3book: https://mlr3book.mlr-org.com/chapters/chapter2/data_and_basic_modeling.html#sec-learners
mlr3learners for a selection of recommended learners.
mlr3cluster for unsupervised clustering learners.
mlr3pipelines to combine learners with pre- and postprocessing steps.
mlr3tuning for tuning of hyperparameters, mlr3tuningspaces for established default tuning spaces.
Super classes
mlr3::Learner -> mlr3::LearnerRegr -> LearnerRegrNCVreg
Methods
Inherited methods
LearnerRegrNCVreg$selected_features()
Returns the set of selected features which have non-zero coefficients.
Calls the internal coef.cv.ncvreg() function.
Returns
(character()) vector of feature names.
Examples
# Define the Learner
learner = lrn("regr.cv_ncvreg")
print(learner)
#>
#> ── <LearnerRegrNCVreg> (regr.cv_ncvreg): MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Model
#> • Model: -
#> • Parameters: list()
#> • Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, and ncvreg
#> • Predict Types: [response]
#> • Feature Types: integer and numeric
#> • Encapsulation: none (fallback: -)
#> • Properties: selected_features
#> • Other settings: use_weights = 'error', predict_raw = 'FALSE'
# Define a Task
task = tsk("mtcars")
# Create train and test set
ids = partition(task)
# Train the learner on the training ids
learner$train(task, row_ids = ids$train)
print(learner$model)
#> $cve
#> [1] 48.475293 45.421968 39.330274 33.818511 29.283920 25.581750 22.587283
#> [8] 20.193142 18.306960 16.849358 15.752185 14.957000 14.413746 14.079611
#> [15] 13.918031 13.896907 13.690341 13.597892 13.595881 13.565683 13.524976
#> [22] 13.499668 13.487067 13.484761 13.474684 13.337402 13.187146 14.156394
#> [29] 14.252827 14.206822 14.181459 13.209480 12.155173 11.304625 9.964999
#> [36] 9.995662 9.992567 9.992500 9.992454 9.992421 18.521266 23.956500
#> [43] 23.477427 24.098990 24.195996 24.981532 25.000029 25.660119 25.830270
#> [50] 26.126827 25.893648 25.674790 25.562025 26.148917 27.666766 30.360521
#> [57] 30.798709 30.799952 28.408980 28.408438 39.170562 39.269579 39.269893
#> [64] 39.324075 39.811111 40.432431 41.433292 40.953714 40.955223 41.446063
#> [71] 41.447498 41.448883 41.450233 39.114894 39.098853 39.097580 39.096380
#> [78] 39.066579 39.065558 39.056641 39.055767 38.984986 38.969000 38.954703
#> [85] 38.953941 38.953255 38.952640 38.952093 38.951934 39.017384 38.681595
#> [92] 38.676348 38.654793 38.649825 38.645002 38.640319 38.635774 38.631365
#> [99] 38.627163 38.628550
#>
#> $cvse
#> [1] 12.333497 12.011294 10.648659 9.357182 8.241627 7.278210 6.447861
#> [8] 5.735682 5.130410 4.623803 4.209894 3.884040 3.641795 3.477781
#> [15] 3.384906 3.353739 3.243853 3.180456 3.180402 3.193286 3.227767
#> [22] 3.272643 3.324208 3.379872 3.440638 3.486996 3.517126 3.512890
#> [29] 3.634415 3.619983 3.593366 3.462105 3.368711 3.322059 3.191504
#> [36] 3.174131 3.169288 3.169271 3.169264 3.169261 6.746666 9.793869
#> [43] 9.703346 9.710225 9.700823 9.852388 9.853978 9.848139 9.830048
#> [50] 9.810219 9.830240 9.853723 9.855245 9.808051 9.856615 9.989817
#> [57] 10.012720 10.012923 8.446089 8.445235 14.084992 14.096284 14.097402
#> [64] 13.965388 13.945080 13.879944 13.760274 13.520259 13.521657 13.513128
#> [71] 13.514501 13.515857 13.517195 12.920635 12.922750 12.923499 12.924251
#> [78] 12.918268 12.919023 12.921979 12.922736 12.930531 12.932322 12.934445
#> [85] 12.935214 12.935978 12.936737 12.937491 12.938527 13.055835 13.014497
#> [92] 13.012097 13.011872 13.009593 13.007371 13.005206 13.003097 13.001041
#> [99] 12.999028 12.996285
#>
#> $fold
#> [1] 3 8 5 7 4 6 5 2 10 9 3 2 9 1 6 8 10 1 7 1 4
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 6.086301930 5.676105550 5.293555033 4.936787141 4.604064211 4.293765692
#> [7] 4.004380255 3.734498428 3.482805733 3.248076283 3.029166813 2.825011108
#> [13] 2.634614814 2.457050593 2.291453607 2.137017303 1.992989489 1.858668668
#> [19] 1.733400620 1.616575220 1.507623461 1.406014685 1.311254001 1.222879870
#> [25] 1.140461860 1.063598547 0.991915565 0.925063776 0.862717573 0.804573296
#> [31] 0.750347749 0.699776822 0.652614206 0.608630193 0.567610555 0.529355503
#> [37] 0.493678714 0.460406421 0.429376569 0.400438026 0.373449843 0.348280573
#> [43] 0.324807628 0.302916681 0.282501111 0.263461481 0.245705059 0.229145361
#> [49] 0.213701730 0.199298949 0.185866867 0.173340062 0.161657522 0.150762346
#> [55] 0.140601469 0.131125400 0.122287987 0.114046186 0.106359855 0.099191557
#> [61] 0.092506378 0.086271757 0.080457330 0.075034775 0.069977682 0.065261421
#> [67] 0.060863019 0.056761056 0.052935550 0.049367871 0.046040642 0.042937657
#> [73] 0.040043803 0.037344984 0.034828057 0.032480763 0.030291668 0.028250111
#> [79] 0.026346148 0.024570506 0.022914536 0.021370173 0.019929895 0.018586687
#> [85] 0.017334006 0.016165752 0.015076235 0.014060147 0.013112540 0.012228799
#> [91] 0.011404619 0.010635985 0.009919156 0.009250638 0.008627176 0.008045733
#> [97] 0.007503477 0.006997768 0.006526142 0.006086302
#>
#> $fit
#> $beta
#> 6.0863 5.6761 5.2936 4.9368 4.6041 4.2938
#> (Intercept) 20.2619 21.369624588 22.402687805 23.36612602 24.26463172 25.102581
#> am 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.0000 -0.004648797 -0.008984281 -0.01302757 -0.01679835 -0.020315
#> drat 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.0000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000
#> 4.0044 3.7345 3.4828 3.2481 3.0292
#> (Intercept) 25.88405559 26.61286126 27.29254788 27.9264259 28.51758264
#> am 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.02359463 -0.02665323 -0.02950569 -0.0321659 -0.03464682
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> 2.8250 2.6346 2.4571 2.2915 2.1370
#> (Intercept) 29.06889741 29.58305541 30.06256088 30.5097493 30.92679869
#> am 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.03696054 -0.03911832 -0.04113067 -0.0430074 -0.04475764
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> 1.9930 1.8587 1.7334 1.6166 1.5076
#> (Intercept) 31.21912370 31.21912370 31.21912370 31.21912370 31.21912370
#> am 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.04598445 -0.04598445 -0.04598445 -0.04598445 -0.04598445
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> 1.4060 1.3113 1.2229 1.1405 1.0636
#> (Intercept) 31.21912370 31.21912370 31.21912370 31.21912370 31.00326994
#> am 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.26025371
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.04598445 -0.04598445 -0.04598445 -0.04598445 -0.04549465
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> 0.9919 0.9251 0.8627 0.8046 0.7503
#> (Intercept) 30.70003078 30.41707693 30.15319299 29.63183654 28.90287899
#> am 0.62586750 0.96702341 1.28518684 2.27707828 3.81263758
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.27745469 -0.77895692
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.04480657 -0.04416451 -0.04356573 -0.03980301 -0.03348608
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> 0.6998 0.6526 0.6086 0.5676 0.5294
#> (Intercept) 28.57802089 28.57084551 28.57048806 28.57023782 28.5700893
#> am 4.59106697 4.77193432 4.78164262 4.78216906 4.7824814
#> carb -1.07432457 -1.20584900 -1.21293426 -1.21310588 -1.2132077
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> disp -0.03000269 -0.02876353 -0.02869684 -0.02869468 -0.0286934
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> 0.4937 0.4604 0.4294 0.4004 0.3734
#> (Intercept) 28.57000123 28.56994895 28.56991793 28.56989953 28.56988861
#> am 4.78266677 4.78277675 4.78284200 4.78288072 4.78290370
#> carb -1.21326814 -1.21330400 -1.21332527 -1.21333789 -1.21334538
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.02869263 -0.02869218 -0.02869191 -0.02869176 -0.02869166
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> 0.3483 0.3248 0.3029 0.2825 0.2635
#> (Intercept) 28.56988213 28.56987828 28.56987600 28.56987465 28.56987384
#> am 4.78291733 4.78292542 4.78293022 4.78293307 4.78293476
#> carb -1.21334983 -1.21335246 -1.21335403 -1.21335496 -1.21335551
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.02869161 -0.02869157 -0.02869155 -0.02869154 -0.02869153
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> 0.2457 0.2291 0.2137 0.1993 0.1859
#> (Intercept) 28.56987337 22.92027573 20.90091544 20.89840126 20.89654608
#> am 4.78293576 5.40594040 5.62973968 5.63042051 5.63092305
#> carb -1.21335583 -1.14681976 -1.12312813 -1.12320825 -1.12326744
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp -0.02869153 -0.02610061 -0.02516987 -0.02516705 -0.02516496
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.25576122 0.34710760 0.34720738 0.34728101
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> 0.1733 0.1617 0.1508 0.1406 0.1311
#> (Intercept) 18.86010388 18.85810844 18.85651366 18.85523896 18.85422004
#> am 5.18599251 5.18576626 5.18558522 5.18544040 5.18532457
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp -0.02962565 -0.02961976 -0.02961505 -0.02961129 -0.02960828
#> qsec 0.66052085 0.66063895 0.66073335 0.66080881 0.66086913
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -2.47385990 -2.47414338 -2.47437006 -2.47455132 -2.47469626
#> 0.1223 0.1140 0.1064 0.0992 0.0925
#> (Intercept) 18.85340552 18.85275438 18.85223382 18.85181766 18.8514849
#> am 5.18523193 5.18515784 5.18509860 5.18505123 5.1850134
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> hp -0.02960587 -0.02960395 -0.02960241 -0.02960118 -0.0296002
#> qsec 0.66091736 0.66095591 0.66098673 0.66101138 0.6610311
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000
#> wt -2.47481214 -2.47490480 -2.47497888 -2.47503811 -2.4750855
#> 0.0863 0.0805 0.0750 0.0700 0.0653
#> (Intercept) 18.85121895 18.85100628 18.85083626 16.88198644 16.87722665
#> am 5.18498307 5.18495885 5.18493949 5.31495002 5.31507201
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> hp -0.02959941 -0.02959879 -0.02959828 -0.02913924 -0.02913329
#> qsec 0.66104683 0.66105942 0.66106949 0.80902584 0.80931263
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.74036850 -0.74102759
#> wt -2.47512333 -2.47515361 -2.47517781 -2.61781308 -2.61812937
#> 0.0609 0.0568 0.0529 0.0494 0.0460
#> (Intercept) 16.87314004 16.86963108 16.86661809 16.86403108 19.06593437
#> am 5.31517737 5.31526839 5.31534698 5.31541481 5.77037708
#> carb 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.27350479
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.41693220
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.29640227
#> hp -0.02912819 -0.02912381 -0.02912006 -0.02911684 -0.03372974
#> qsec 0.80955885 0.80977024 0.80995172 0.81010753 0.86246411
#> vs -0.74159391 -0.74208037 -0.74249810 -0.74285674 -0.97422387
#> wt -2.61840051 -2.61863295 -2.61883223 -2.61900311 -2.82093509
#> 0.0429 0.0400 0.0373 0.0348 0.0325
#> (Intercept) 19.06416408 19.06241734 19.06071162 19.05906169 22.069013344
#> am 5.77118445 5.77191618 5.77257617 5.77316891 5.714520107
#> carb 0.27385172 0.27415485 0.27441903 0.27464861 0.429059043
#> cyl 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.331472953
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.005995808
#> drat -0.41738743 -0.41778390 -0.41812838 -0.41842709 -0.591466482
#> gear -0.29677305 -0.29710591 -0.29740333 -0.29766796 -0.426218826
#> hp -0.03373158 -0.03373294 -0.03373392 -0.03373456 -0.035443904
#> qsec 0.86278064 0.86306972 0.86333309 0.86357243 0.856910825
#> vs -0.97518463 -0.97605086 -0.97683029 -0.97753018 -1.031652868
#> wt -2.82137571 -2.82176985 -2.82212201 -2.82243630 -3.224338217
#> 0.0303 0.0283 0.0263 0.0246 0.0229
#> (Intercept) 22.071986477 22.074774124 22.07738588 22.079830914 22.082118020
#> am 5.714599371 5.714670936 5.71473538 5.714793253 5.714845058
#> carb 0.429217543 0.429363963 0.42949909 0.429623645 0.429738338
#> cyl -0.331790784 -0.332087327 -0.33236376 -0.332621217 -0.332860766
#> disp 0.005998152 0.006000257 0.00600214 0.006003818 0.006005307
#> drat -0.591673913 -0.591864867 -0.59204041 -0.592201569 -0.592349286
#> gear -0.426505262 -0.426773332 -0.42702403 -0.427258297 -0.427477041
#> hp -0.035443087 -0.035442283 -0.03544149 -0.035440720 -0.035439966
#> qsec 0.856952945 0.856991033 0.85702539 0.857056289 0.857083998
#> vs -1.032123233 -1.032565875 -1.03298217 -1.033373426 -1.033740917
#> wt -3.224613807 -3.224864189 -3.22509115 -3.225296377 -3.225481449
#> 0.0214 0.0199 0.0186 0.0173 0.0162
#> (Intercept) 22.084255599 22.086251687 22.088113966 22.089849778 22.091466134
#> am 5.714891275 5.714932350 5.714968700 5.715000715 5.715028757
#> carb 0.429843819 0.429940705 0.430029576 0.430110980 0.430185432
#> cyl -0.333083434 -0.333290196 -0.333481984 -0.333659681 -0.333824129
#> disp 0.006006621 0.006007774 0.006008781 0.006009651 0.006010398
#> drat -0.592484466 -0.592607962 -0.592720576 -0.592823065 -0.592916140
#> gear -0.427681123 -0.427871364 -0.428048548 -0.428213420 -0.428366692
#> hp -0.035439232 -0.035438518 -0.035437827 -0.035437157 -0.035436511
#> qsec 0.857108764 0.857130816 0.857150371 0.857167632 0.857182787
#> vs -1.034085854 -1.034409396 -1.034712657 -1.034996702 -1.035262549
#> wt -3.225647855 -3.225796993 -3.225930175 -3.226048632 -3.226153517
#> 0.0151 0.0141 0.0131 0.0122 0.0114
#> (Intercept) 22.092969731 22.094366958 22.095663911 22.096866401 22.097979966
#> am 5.715053166 5.715074257 5.715092323 5.715107636 5.715120450
#> carb 0.430253416 0.430315386 0.430371771 0.430422971 0.430469365
#> cyl -0.333976129 -0.334116442 -0.334245790 -0.334364859 -0.334474299
#> disp 0.006011031 0.006011561 0.006011996 0.006012346 0.006012618
#> drat -0.593000473 -0.593076694 -0.593145395 -0.593207135 -0.593262436
#> gear -0.428509039 -0.428641105 -0.428763501 -0.428876808 -0.428981580
#> hp -0.035435888 -0.035435289 -0.035434713 -0.035434161 -0.035433632
#> qsec 0.857196014 0.857207477 0.857217329 0.857225714 0.857232764
#> vs -1.035511174 -1.035743508 -1.035960440 -1.036162821 -1.036351461
#> wt -3.226245911 -3.226326824 -3.226397201 -3.226457926 -3.226509824
#> 0.0106 0.0099 0.0093 0.0086 0.0080
#> (Intercept) 22.09900988 22.099961169 22.100838605 22.10164673 22.102389866
#> am 5.71513100 5.715139501 5.715146157 5.71515115 5.715154660
#> carb 0.43051131 0.430549123 0.430583130 0.43061362 0.430640855
#> cyl -0.33457473 -0.334666729 -0.334750857 -0.33482764 -0.334897559
#> disp 0.00601282 0.006012958 0.006013039 0.00601307 0.006013055
#> drat -0.59331179 -0.593355655 -0.593394463 -0.59342862 -0.593458497
#> gear -0.42907834 -0.429167585 -0.429249788 -0.42932540 -0.429394832
#> hp -0.03543313 -0.035432644 -0.035432183 -0.03543175 -0.035431328
#> qsec 0.85723860 0.857243344 0.857247095 0.85724995 0.857252010
#> vs -1.03652714 -1.036690581 -1.036842500 -1.03698356 -1.037114409
#> wt -3.22655366 -3.226590159 -3.226619979 -3.22664374 -3.226662031
#> 0.0075 0.0070 0.0065 0.0061
#> (Intercept) 22.103072106 22.103697343 22.104269268 22.104791377
#> am 5.715156837 5.715157831 5.715157775 5.715156792
#> carb 0.430665101 0.430686591 0.430705549 0.430722182
#> cyl -0.334961097 -0.335018690 -0.335070758 -0.335117692
#> disp 0.006012999 0.006012908 0.006012786 0.006012636
#> drat -0.593484453 -0.593506816 -0.593525894 -0.593541973
#> gear -0.429458498 -0.429516773 -0.429570015 -0.429618566
#> hp -0.035430933 -0.035430558 -0.035430202 -0.035429866
#> qsec 0.857253348 0.857254047 0.857254176 0.857253801
#> vs -1.037235641 -1.037347839 -1.037451549 -1.037547293
#> wt -3.226675374 -3.226684268 -3.226689173 -3.226690514
#>
#> $iter
#> [1] 0 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
#> [19] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 7 7 7 46 45 21 17 5 1 1
#> [37] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 93 20 1 1 145 1 1
#> [55] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 35 1 1 1 1 1 92 1
#> [73] 1 1 1 83 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [91] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 6.086301930 5.676105550 5.293555033 4.936787141 4.604064211 4.293765692
#> [7] 4.004380255 3.734498428 3.482805733 3.248076283 3.029166813 2.825011108
#> [13] 2.634614814 2.457050593 2.291453607 2.137017303 1.992989489 1.858668668
#> [19] 1.733400620 1.616575220 1.507623461 1.406014685 1.311254001 1.222879870
#> [25] 1.140461860 1.063598547 0.991915565 0.925063776 0.862717573 0.804573296
#> [31] 0.750347749 0.699776822 0.652614206 0.608630193 0.567610555 0.529355503
#> [37] 0.493678714 0.460406421 0.429376569 0.400438026 0.373449843 0.348280573
#> [43] 0.324807628 0.302916681 0.282501111 0.263461481 0.245705059 0.229145361
#> [49] 0.213701730 0.199298949 0.185866867 0.173340062 0.161657522 0.150762346
#> [55] 0.140601469 0.131125400 0.122287987 0.114046186 0.106359855 0.099191557
#> [61] 0.092506378 0.086271757 0.080457330 0.075034775 0.069977682 0.065261421
#> [67] 0.060863019 0.056761056 0.052935550 0.049367871 0.046040642 0.042937657
#> [73] 0.040043803 0.037344984 0.034828057 0.032480763 0.030291668 0.028250111
#> [79] 0.026346148 0.024570506 0.022914536 0.021370173 0.019929895 0.018586687
#> [85] 0.017334006 0.016165752 0.015076235 0.014060147 0.013112540 0.012228799
#> [91] 0.011404619 0.010635985 0.009919156 0.009250638 0.008627176 0.008045733
#> [97] 0.007503477 0.006997768 0.006526142 0.006086302
#>
#> $penalty
#> [1] "MCP"
#>
#> $family
#> [1] "gaussian"
#>
#> $gamma
#> [1] 3
#>
#> $alpha
#> [1] 1
#>
#> $convex.min
#> [1] 29
#>
#> $loss
#> [1] 983.1895 833.8554 708.9152 604.8584 518.6543 447.6878 389.7040 342.7598
#> [9] 305.1823 275.5323 252.5728 235.2417 222.6282 213.9519 208.5455 205.8387
#> [17] 205.2850 205.2850 205.2850 205.2850 205.2850 205.2850 205.2850 205.2850
#> [25] 205.2850 199.6153 192.4854 186.7123 182.0939 157.2861 131.6081 125.9832
#> [33] 125.4010 125.3993 125.3993 125.3993 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992
#> [41] 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992 125.3992 122.1906
#> [49] 121.9502 121.9502 121.9502 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009
#> [57] 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009 103.8009
#> [65] 103.2182 103.2182 103.2182 103.2181 103.2181 103.2181 102.5022 102.5022
#> [73] 102.5021 102.5021 102.5021 101.6816 101.6816 101.6816 101.6816 101.6816
#> [81] 101.6816 101.6816 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815
#> [89] 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815
#> [97] 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815 101.6815
#>
#> $linear.predictors
#> 6.0863 5.6761 5.2936 4.9368 4.6041 4.2938 4.0044 3.7345
#> 1 20.2619 19.69606 19.16835 18.67620 18.21723 17.78918 17.38999 17.01770
#> 2 20.2619 20.32365 20.38122 20.43492 20.48500 20.53171 20.57526 20.61589
#> 3 20.2619 19.69606 19.16835 18.67620 18.21723 17.78918 17.38999 17.01770
#> 4 20.2619 20.68765 21.08469 21.45498 21.80031 22.12237 22.42272 22.70283
#> 5 20.2619 20.71507 21.13770 21.53184 21.89942 22.24223 22.56193 22.86009
#> 6 20.2619 20.59049 20.89692 21.18271 21.44923 21.69779 21.92960 22.14578
#> 7 20.2619 20.08749 19.92482 19.77312 19.63165 19.49971 19.37666 19.26190
#> 8 20.2619 19.17539 18.16211 17.21711 16.33581 15.51390 14.74739 14.03254
#> 9 20.2619 19.23118 18.26992 17.37344 16.53739 15.75768 15.03053 14.35238
#> 10 20.2619 19.32415 18.44960 17.63400 16.87336 16.16398 15.50242 14.88544
#> 11 20.2619 21.00376 21.69562 22.34086 22.94260 23.50379 24.02716 24.51525
#> 12 20.2619 21.01771 21.72258 22.37994 22.99300 23.56474 24.09794 24.59521
#> 13 20.2619 21.03910 21.76391 22.43987 23.07027 23.65818 24.20648 24.71782
#> 14 20.2619 20.81130 21.32368 21.80152 22.24715 22.66275 23.05034 23.41181
#> 15 20.2619 19.89131 19.54569 19.22336 18.92276 18.64241 18.38096 18.13713
#> 16 20.2619 19.95639 19.67147 19.40575 19.15793 18.92682 18.71129 18.51028
#> 17 20.2619 20.81037 21.32188 21.79891 22.24379 22.65869 23.04562 23.40648
#> 18 20.2619 20.92752 21.54828 22.12720 22.66711 23.17063 23.64021 24.07814
#> 19 20.2619 19.73790 19.24921 18.79345 18.36841 17.97202 17.60234 17.25758
#> 20 20.2619 19.97034 19.69842 19.44483 19.20833 18.98777 18.78207 18.59024
#> 21 20.2619 20.80712 21.31559 21.78979 22.23203 22.64447 23.02911 23.38782
#> 3.4828 3.2481 3.0292 2.8250 2.6346 2.4571 2.2915 2.1370
#> 1 16.67050 16.34670 16.04473 15.76310 15.50046 15.25552 15.02708 14.814047
#> 2 20.65377 20.68910 20.72205 20.75278 20.78143 20.80816 20.83308 20.856329
#> 3 16.67050 16.34670 16.04473 15.76310 15.50046 15.25552 15.02708 14.814047
#> 4 22.96406 23.20769 23.43489 23.64679 23.84440 24.02869 24.20056 24.360852
#> 5 23.13815 23.39747 23.63931 23.86485 24.07520 24.27136 24.45431 24.624922
#> 6 22.34739 22.53542 22.71078 22.87431 23.02682 23.16906 23.30171 23.425418
#> 7 19.15488 19.05507 18.96199 18.87518 18.79422 18.71872 18.64831 18.582641
#> 8 13.36586 12.74412 12.16428 11.62352 11.11921 10.64888 10.21026 9.801191
#> 9 13.71993 13.13011 12.58004 12.06705 11.58863 11.14245 10.72634 10.338283
#> 10 14.31005 13.77343 13.27298 12.80626 12.37099 11.96506 11.58649 11.233436
#> 11 24.97045 25.39497 25.79088 26.16010 26.50444 26.82558 27.12507 27.404372
#> 12 25.05897 25.49147 25.89482 26.27098 26.62180 26.94897 27.25409 27.538645
#> 13 25.19469 25.63943 26.05419 26.44100 26.80174 27.13817 27.45192 27.744530
#> 14 23.74891 24.06330 24.35650 24.62994 24.88495 25.12277 25.34456 25.551406
#> 15 17.90974 17.69767 17.49989 17.31545 17.14343 16.98301 16.83340 16.693868
#> 16 18.32282 18.14799 17.98495 17.83289 17.69109 17.55884 17.43550 17.320475
#> 17 23.74301 24.05687 24.34957 24.62254 24.87712 25.11454 25.33596 25.542454
#> 18 24.48656 24.86745 25.22267 25.55395 25.86290 26.15103 26.41975 26.670347
#> 19 16.93605 16.63620 16.35655 16.09575 15.85252 15.62569 15.41415 15.216866
#> 20 18.41134 18.24449 18.08889 17.94377 17.80844 17.68223 17.56452 17.454748
#> 21 23.72236 24.03435 24.32532 24.59667 24.84974 25.08575 25.30585 25.511124
#> 1.9930 1.8587 1.7334 1.6166 1.5076 1.4060 1.3113
#> 1 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721
#> 2 20.872622 20.872622 20.872622 20.872622 20.872622 20.872622 20.872622
#> 3 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721 14.664721
#> 4 24.473205 24.473205 24.473205 24.473205 24.473205 24.473205 24.473205
#> 5 24.744513 24.744513 24.744513 24.744513 24.744513 24.744513 24.744513
#> 6 23.512130 23.512130 23.512130 23.512130 23.512130 23.512130 23.512130
#> 7 18.536612 18.536612 18.536612 18.536612 18.536612 18.536612 18.536612
#> 8 9.514463 9.514463 9.514463 9.514463 9.514463 9.514463 9.514463
#> 9 10.066276 10.066276 10.066276 10.066276 10.066276 10.066276 10.066276
#> 10 10.985965 10.985965 10.985965 10.985965 10.985965 10.985965 10.985965
#> 11 27.600147 27.600147 27.600147 27.600147 27.600147 27.600147 27.600147
#> 12 27.738101 27.738101 27.738101 27.738101 27.738101 27.738101 27.738101
#> 13 27.949629 27.949629 27.949629 27.949629 27.949629 27.949629 27.949629
#> 14 25.696391 25.696391 25.696391 25.696391 25.696391 25.696391 25.696391
#> 15 16.596068 16.596068 16.596068 16.596068 16.596068 16.596068 16.596068
#> 16 17.239850 17.239850 17.239850 17.239850 17.239850 17.239850 17.239850
#> 17 25.687194 25.687194 25.687194 25.687194 25.687194 25.687194 25.687194
#> 18 26.846002 26.846002 26.846002 26.846002 26.846002 26.846002 26.846002
#> 19 15.078581 15.078581 15.078581 15.078581 15.078581 15.078581 15.078581
#> 20 17.377804 17.377804 17.377804 17.377804 17.377804 17.377804 17.377804
#> 21 25.655005 25.655005 25.655005 25.655005 25.655005 25.655005 25.655005
#> 1.2229 1.1405 1.0636 0.9919 0.9251 0.8627 0.8046
#> 1 14.664721 14.664721 14.625195 14.569666 14.517853 14.469531 14.747844
#> 2 20.872622 20.872622 20.766973 20.618553 20.480062 20.350904 20.398705
#> 3 14.664721 14.664721 14.625195 14.569666 14.517853 14.469531 14.192935
#> 4 24.473205 24.473205 24.329204 24.126907 23.938143 23.762101 23.237826
#> 5 24.744513 24.744513 24.597623 24.391266 24.198714 24.019138 23.472664
#> 6 23.512130 23.512130 23.378366 23.190450 23.015105 22.851577 21.851033
#> 7 18.536612 18.536612 18.455844 18.342379 18.236504 18.137765 17.821803
#> 8 9.514463 9.514463 9.529793 9.551331 9.571427 9.590169 9.734998
#> 9 10.066276 10.066276 10.075729 10.089009 10.101401 10.112958 10.212634
#> 10 10.985965 10.985965 10.985622 10.985141 10.984692 10.984273 11.008694
#> 11 27.600147 27.600147 27.683094 27.799621 27.908353 28.009757 28.498963
#> 12 27.738101 27.738101 27.819578 27.934041 28.040847 28.140454 28.340918
#> 13 27.949629 27.949629 28.028854 28.140151 28.244004 28.340857 28.801466
#> 14 25.696391 25.696391 25.539362 25.318762 25.112919 24.920949 24.574040
#> 15 16.596068 16.596068 16.535970 16.451542 16.372762 16.299291 16.419570
#> 16 17.239850 17.239850 17.172895 17.078834 16.991065 16.909212 16.976812
#> 17 25.687194 25.687194 25.790517 25.935668 26.071110 26.197423 26.565703
#> 18 26.846002 26.846002 26.936982 27.064794 27.184055 27.295279 27.568739
#> 19 15.078581 15.078581 15.294900 15.598793 15.882357 16.146809 16.828240
#> 20 17.377804 17.377804 17.569633 17.839121 18.090582 18.325096 17.708572
#> 21 25.655005 25.655005 25.758671 25.904304 26.040194 26.166927 26.537841
#> 0.7503 0.6998 0.6526 0.6086 0.5676 0.5294 0.4937 0.4604
#> 1 15.28997 15.62840 15.80428 15.81376 15.81394 15.81405 15.81412 15.81416
#> 2 20.58955 20.75309 20.89320 20.90076 20.90083 20.90087 20.90089 20.90090
#> 3 13.73206 13.47975 13.39258 13.38789 13.38773 13.38764 13.38758 13.38755
#> 4 22.43256 22.02798 21.93954 21.93479 21.93452 21.93435 21.93426 21.93420
#> 5 22.63012 22.20499 22.10924 22.10410 22.10382 22.10364 22.10354 22.10348
#> 6 20.17478 19.25227 18.92668 18.90916 18.90859 18.90825 18.90804 18.90792
#> 7 17.33055 17.08030 17.02032 17.01710 17.01693 17.01683 17.01677 17.01673
#> 8 9.98162 10.11945 10.17106 10.17384 10.17393 10.17398 10.17400 10.17402
#> 9 10.38345 10.47948 10.51622 10.51820 10.51826 10.51830 10.51832 10.51833
#> 10 11.05317 11.07954 11.09150 11.09214 11.09215 11.09216 11.09217 11.09217
#> 11 29.30120 29.73355 29.87324 29.88075 29.88103 29.88119 29.88129 29.88135
#> 12 28.62271 28.74923 28.75368 28.75391 28.75401 28.75407 28.75410 28.75412
#> 13 29.55570 29.96157 30.09184 30.09885 30.09911 30.09926 30.09935 30.09941
#> 14 24.10224 23.90037 23.91050 23.91106 23.91090 23.91080 23.91075 23.91071
#> 15 16.69639 16.88852 17.01234 17.01902 17.01912 17.01917 17.01921 17.01923
#> 16 17.16520 17.30855 17.41503 17.42078 17.42084 17.42088 17.42090 17.42092
#> 17 27.12923 27.41111 27.47083 27.47403 27.47423 27.47434 27.47441 27.47445
#> 18 27.97308 28.16718 28.19567 28.19719 28.19733 28.19741 28.19746 28.19749
#> 19 17.84607 18.34084 18.42338 18.42780 18.42815 18.42836 18.42848 18.42855
#> 20 16.40455 15.54368 15.03816 15.01091 15.01046 15.01020 15.01004 15.00995
#> 21 27.10579 27.39011 27.45069 27.45394 27.45414 27.45425 27.45432 27.45436
#> 0.4294 0.4004 0.3734 0.3483 0.3248 0.3029 0.2825 0.2635
#> 1 15.81418 15.81419 15.81420 15.81420 15.81421 15.81421 15.81421 15.81421
#> 2 20.90091 20.90092 20.90092 20.90092 20.90092 20.90092 20.90092 20.90092
#> 3 13.38753 13.38752 13.38751 13.38750 13.38750 13.38750 13.38750 13.38750
#> 4 21.93416 21.93414 21.93413 21.93412 21.93412 21.93412 21.93412 21.93411
#> 5 22.10345 22.10342 22.10341 22.10340 22.10340 22.10340 22.10340 22.10339
#> 6 18.90785 18.90781 18.90778 18.90777 18.90776 18.90776 18.90775 18.90775
#> 7 17.01671 17.01670 17.01669 17.01669 17.01669 17.01668 17.01668 17.01668
#> 8 10.17403 10.17404 10.17404 10.17405 10.17405 10.17405 10.17405 10.17405
#> 9 10.51834 10.51834 10.51834 10.51834 10.51835 10.51835 10.51835 10.51835
#> 10 11.09217 11.09218 11.09218 11.09218 11.09218 11.09218 11.09218 11.09218
#> 11 29.88138 29.88140 29.88141 29.88142 29.88142 29.88143 29.88143 29.88143
#> 12 28.75413 28.75414 28.75414 28.75415 28.75415 28.75415 28.75415 28.75415
#> 13 30.09944 30.09946 30.09947 30.09948 30.09948 30.09948 30.09948 30.09949
#> 14 23.91069 23.91068 23.91067 23.91067 23.91067 23.91067 23.91067 23.91067
#> 15 17.01924 17.01925 17.01925 17.01925 17.01925 17.01925 17.01925 17.01926
#> 16 17.42093 17.42093 17.42093 17.42093 17.42094 17.42094 17.42094 17.42094
#> 17 27.47447 27.47449 27.47449 27.47450 27.47450 27.47450 27.47451 27.47451
#> 18 28.19751 28.19752 28.19752 28.19753 28.19753 28.19753 28.19753 28.19753
#> 19 18.42860 18.42862 18.42864 18.42865 18.42865 18.42866 18.42866 18.42866
#> 20 15.00989 15.00986 15.00984 15.00983 15.00982 15.00982 15.00981 15.00981
#> 21 27.45439 27.45440 27.45441 27.45442 27.45442 27.45442 27.45442 27.45442
#> 0.2457 0.2291 0.2137 0.1993 0.1859 0.1733 0.1617 0.1508
#> 1 15.81421 15.58347 15.50128 15.50132 15.50135 16.40760 16.40767 16.40773
#> 2 20.90092 21.07231 21.13308 21.13314 21.13318 20.54559 20.54562 20.54564
#> 3 13.38750 12.98803 12.84544 12.84520 12.84502 13.23279 13.23310 13.23334
#> 4 21.93411 21.91290 21.90439 21.90413 21.90393 22.34212 22.34195 22.34181
#> 5 22.10339 22.80860 23.05951 23.05951 23.05952 23.37894 23.37931 23.37961
#> 6 18.90775 18.79242 18.75027 18.74979 18.74944 19.18992 19.18990 19.18989
#> 7 17.01668 16.73151 16.62935 16.62911 16.62894 14.95194 14.95191 14.95188
#> 8 10.17405 10.61210 10.76922 10.76951 10.76973 11.67525 11.67509 11.67497
#> 9 10.51835 10.88438 11.01572 11.01596 11.01614 10.84286 10.84269 10.84256
#> 10 11.09218 11.30409 11.38028 11.38042 11.38053 10.32970 10.32960 10.32952
#> 11 29.88143 30.10495 30.18484 30.18509 30.18528 29.50865 29.50850 29.50837
#> 12 28.75415 28.79346 28.80747 28.80754 28.80759 30.74313 30.74294 30.74279
#> 13 30.09949 30.41329 30.52539 30.52566 30.52586 30.72526 30.72525 30.72525
#> 14 23.91066 23.75655 23.70051 23.70025 23.70006 23.10537 23.10561 23.10581
#> 15 17.01926 16.64133 16.50635 16.50625 16.50618 16.85126 16.85114 16.85104
#> 16 17.42094 17.11672 17.00798 17.00789 17.00782 17.34556 17.34552 17.34548
#> 17 27.47451 27.16389 27.05316 27.05317 27.05318 27.08680 27.08648 27.08622
#> 18 28.19753 27.87277 27.75686 27.75682 27.75680 28.11825 28.11826 28.11827
#> 19 18.42866 18.28616 18.23658 18.23686 18.23707 17.96034 17.96049 17.96061
#> 20 15.00981 15.02949 15.03727 15.03710 15.03698 14.93343 14.93389 14.93426
#> 21 27.45442 27.63156 27.69505 27.69525 27.69540 26.22526 26.22509 26.22495
#> 0.1406 0.1311 0.1223 0.1140 0.1064 0.0992 0.0925 0.0863
#> 1 16.40777 16.40781 16.40784 16.40786 16.40788 16.40789 16.40790 16.40791
#> 2 20.54566 20.54568 20.54569 20.54570 20.54571 20.54571 20.54572 20.54572
#> 3 13.23354 13.23369 13.23382 13.23392 13.23400 13.23406 13.23411 13.23415
#> 4 22.34170 22.34161 22.34154 22.34148 22.34144 22.34140 22.34137 22.34135
#> 5 23.37985 23.38004 23.38020 23.38032 23.38042 23.38050 23.38056 23.38061
#> 6 19.18988 19.18987 19.18987 19.18986 19.18986 19.18986 19.18985 19.18985
#> 7 14.95186 14.95184 14.95183 14.95181 14.95180 14.95180 14.95179 14.95179
#> 8 11.67487 11.67479 11.67473 11.67468 11.67464 11.67461 11.67458 11.67456
#> 9 10.84246 10.84238 10.84231 10.84226 10.84221 10.84218 10.84215 10.84213
#> 10 10.32946 10.32940 10.32936 10.32933 10.32931 10.32929 10.32927 10.32926
#> 11 29.50827 29.50819 29.50812 29.50807 29.50803 29.50800 29.50797 29.50795
#> 12 30.74267 30.74258 30.74250 30.74244 30.74239 30.74235 30.74232 30.74230
#> 13 30.72524 30.72523 30.72523 30.72523 30.72523 30.72522 30.72522 30.72522
#> 14 23.10596 23.10608 23.10618 23.10626 23.10632 23.10637 23.10641 23.10644
#> 15 16.85097 16.85091 16.85086 16.85082 16.85079 16.85077 16.85075 16.85073
#> 16 17.34545 17.34543 17.34542 17.34540 17.34539 17.34538 17.34537 17.34537
#> 17 27.08602 27.08586 27.08572 27.08562 27.08554 27.08547 27.08542 27.08537
#> 18 28.11828 28.11828 28.11829 28.11829 28.11829 28.11829 28.11830 28.11830
#> 19 17.96070 17.96077 17.96083 17.96088 17.96092 17.96095 17.96098 17.96099
#> 20 14.93456 14.93480 14.93498 14.93514 14.93526 14.93535 14.93543 14.93549
#> 21 26.22484 26.22475 26.22468 26.22463 26.22458 26.22455 26.22452 26.22449
#> 0.0805 0.0750 0.0700 0.0653 0.0609 0.0568 0.0529 0.0494
#> 1 16.40792 16.40793 16.54696 16.54704 16.54710 16.54716 16.54720 16.54724
#> 2 20.54572 20.54573 20.38287 20.38278 20.38270 20.38263 20.38258 20.38253
#> 3 13.23419 13.23421 13.21225 13.21236 13.21246 13.21254 13.21261 13.21267
#> 4 22.34133 22.34132 22.16468 22.16436 22.16408 22.16384 22.16364 22.16346
#> 5 23.38065 23.38068 23.65397 23.65469 23.65530 23.65583 23.65629 23.65668
#> 6 19.18985 19.18985 18.84280 18.84245 18.84214 18.84188 18.84166 18.84146
#> 7 14.95178 14.95178 15.05947 15.05949 15.05950 15.05951 15.05952 15.05953
#> 8 11.67455 11.67453 11.71121 11.71116 11.71113 11.71110 11.71107 11.71105
#> 9 10.84211 10.84210 10.83487 10.83479 10.83471 10.83465 10.83460 10.83455
#> 10 10.32924 10.32924 10.28098 10.28090 10.28082 10.28076 10.28070 10.28066
#> 11 29.50793 29.50792 29.52592 29.52591 29.52589 29.52588 29.52587 29.52586
#> 12 30.74228 30.74226 30.69672 30.69653 30.69637 30.69623 30.69612 30.69601
#> 13 30.72522 30.72522 30.85844 30.85866 30.85885 30.85901 30.85915 30.85926
#> 14 23.10647 23.10649 23.05081 23.05093 23.05103 23.05111 23.05119 23.05125
#> 15 16.85072 16.85071 16.94466 16.94452 16.94440 16.94430 16.94420 16.94413
#> 16 17.34536 17.34536 17.51506 17.51507 17.51507 17.51508 17.51508 17.51509
#> 17 27.08534 27.08531 27.45388 27.45389 27.45391 27.45392 27.45393 27.45394
#> 18 28.11830 28.11830 27.87562 27.87536 27.87514 27.87495 27.87479 27.87465
#> 19 17.96101 17.96102 17.93659 17.93667 17.93675 17.93682 17.93687 17.93692
#> 20 14.93554 14.93558 14.90148 14.90189 14.90224 14.90255 14.90281 14.90303
#> 21 26.22448 26.22446 26.05075 26.05056 26.05039 26.05025 26.05013 26.05002
#> 0.0460 0.0429 0.0400 0.0373 0.0348 0.0325 0.0303 0.0283
#> 1 16.48282 16.48275 16.48268 16.48263 16.48258 16.58228 16.58227 16.58226
#> 2 20.46224 20.46217 20.46211 20.46205 20.46199 20.36445 20.36429 20.36413
#> 3 13.25930 13.25934 13.25937 13.25940 13.25942 13.49352 13.49378 13.49403
#> 4 22.07389 22.07350 22.07314 22.07280 22.07249 22.21684 22.21684 22.21683
#> 5 23.47889 23.47928 23.47963 23.47996 23.48027 23.48979 23.48989 23.48998
#> 6 18.81354 18.81317 18.81283 18.81250 18.81221 18.49052 18.49014 18.48978
#> 7 15.17158 15.17172 15.17185 15.17196 15.17206 14.67088 14.67070 14.67053
#> 8 11.83173 11.83191 11.83206 11.83220 11.83232 12.16531 12.16550 12.16566
#> 9 10.83641 10.83641 10.83641 10.83641 10.83641 10.99938 10.99948 10.99956
#> 10 10.11244 10.11221 10.11201 10.11184 10.11169 10.12373 10.12374 10.12376
#> 11 29.60886 29.60901 29.60916 29.60929 29.60941 29.46007 29.46000 29.45994
#> 12 30.83109 30.83119 30.83127 30.83135 30.83141 30.93678 30.93680 30.93681
#> 13 30.98472 30.98511 30.98546 30.98579 30.98609 30.91250 30.91250 30.91250
#> 14 22.96588 22.96576 22.96567 22.96559 22.96552 23.15427 23.15456 23.15483
#> 15 17.13362 17.13369 17.13374 17.13378 17.13380 17.06074 17.06066 17.06059
#> 16 17.58166 17.58172 17.58178 17.58182 17.58186 17.38867 17.38852 17.38838
#> 17 27.35124 27.35128 27.35131 27.35134 27.35136 27.47070 27.47091 27.47112
#> 18 27.85136 27.85103 27.85074 27.85046 27.85021 28.09159 28.09162 28.09164
#> 19 17.34758 17.34694 17.34638 17.34589 17.34547 17.17230 17.17191 17.17154
#> 20 15.28817 15.28895 15.28965 15.29027 15.29083 15.27038 15.27060 15.27081
#> 21 26.03299 26.03287 26.03276 26.03267 26.03260 25.98529 25.98531 25.98533
#> 0.0263 0.0246 0.0229 0.0214 0.0199 0.0186 0.0173 0.0162
#> 1 16.58224 16.58223 16.58221 16.58219 16.58217 16.58214 16.58212 16.58209
#> 2 20.36398 20.36384 20.36371 20.36358 20.36346 20.36335 20.36325 20.36315
#> 3 13.49426 13.49448 13.49467 13.49486 13.49503 13.49518 13.49533 13.49546
#> 4 22.21683 22.21683 22.21683 22.21683 22.21683 22.21683 22.21684 22.21684
#> 5 23.49006 23.49013 23.49020 23.49027 23.49032 23.49038 23.49043 23.49048
#> 6 18.48944 18.48914 18.48885 18.48859 18.48835 18.48813 18.48793 18.48774
#> 7 14.67038 14.67024 14.67013 14.67002 14.66993 14.66984 14.66977 14.66971
#> 8 12.16581 12.16595 12.16608 12.16619 12.16629 12.16638 12.16646 12.16653
#> 9 10.99964 10.99971 10.99978 10.99984 10.99990 10.99995 11.00000 11.00004
#> 10 10.12378 10.12380 10.12381 10.12383 10.12385 10.12387 10.12389 10.12391
#> 11 29.45988 29.45982 29.45977 29.45972 29.45968 29.45964 29.45961 29.45958
#> 12 30.93682 30.93683 30.93683 30.93684 30.93684 30.93684 30.93684 30.93684
#> 13 30.91249 30.91249 30.91249 30.91248 30.91248 30.91247 30.91247 30.91246
#> 14 23.15509 23.15532 23.15555 23.15576 23.15595 23.15614 23.15631 23.15647
#> 15 17.06052 17.06046 17.06040 17.06034 17.06029 17.06023 17.06018 17.06014
#> 16 17.38825 17.38813 17.38802 17.38792 17.38782 17.38773 17.38764 17.38757
#> 17 27.47132 27.47150 27.47168 27.47185 27.47200 27.47215 27.47230 27.47243
#> 18 28.09165 28.09166 28.09167 28.09167 28.09167 28.09167 28.09167 28.09166
#> 19 17.17120 17.17088 17.17058 17.17030 17.17004 17.16980 17.16957 17.16936
#> 20 15.27100 15.27118 15.27135 15.27150 15.27165 15.27179 15.27191 15.27203
#> 21 25.98535 25.98538 25.98540 25.98543 25.98545 25.98548 25.98550 25.98553
#> 0.0151 0.0141 0.0131 0.0122 0.0114 0.0106 0.0099 0.0093
#> 1 16.58207 16.58204 16.58202 16.58199 16.58197 16.58194 16.58192 16.58189
#> 2 20.36305 20.36297 20.36288 20.36281 20.36273 20.36267 20.36260 20.36254
#> 3 13.49558 13.49569 13.49580 13.49589 13.49598 13.49605 13.49612 13.49619
#> 4 22.21684 22.21685 22.21685 22.21686 22.21686 22.21687 22.21687 22.21688
#> 5 23.49052 23.49056 23.49060 23.49063 23.49066 23.49069 23.49071 23.49074
#> 6 18.48757 18.48742 18.48727 18.48715 18.48703 18.48692 18.48683 18.48674
#> 7 14.66965 14.66961 14.66957 14.66954 14.66951 14.66949 14.66948 14.66947
#> 8 12.16660 12.16666 12.16671 12.16675 12.16679 12.16682 12.16685 12.16687
#> 9 11.00008 11.00011 11.00015 11.00018 11.00020 11.00023 11.00025 11.00027
#> 10 10.12393 10.12394 10.12396 10.12398 10.12400 10.12401 10.12403 10.12405
#> 11 29.45955 29.45952 29.45950 29.45948 29.45946 29.45944 29.45943 29.45941
#> 12 30.93684 30.93683 30.93683 30.93683 30.93682 30.93682 30.93681 30.93681
#> 13 30.91245 30.91245 30.91244 30.91243 30.91242 30.91242 30.91241 30.91240
#> 14 23.15662 23.15676 23.15689 23.15701 23.15712 23.15722 23.15732 23.15741
#> 15 17.06009 17.06005 17.06002 17.05998 17.05995 17.05991 17.05988 17.05986
#> 16 17.38750 17.38743 17.38737 17.38731 17.38726 17.38721 17.38717 17.38713
#> 17 27.47256 27.47268 27.47279 27.47289 27.47300 27.47309 27.47318 27.47326
#> 18 28.09165 28.09164 28.09163 28.09162 28.09161 28.09159 28.09158 28.09156
#> 19 17.16916 17.16898 17.16880 17.16865 17.16850 17.16836 17.16823 17.16811
#> 20 15.27214 15.27224 15.27233 15.27241 15.27249 15.27257 15.27263 15.27270
#> 21 25.98555 25.98558 25.98560 25.98562 25.98565 25.98567 25.98569 25.98572
#> 0.0086 0.0080 0.0075 0.0070 0.0065 0.0061
#> 1 16.58187 16.58184 16.58182 16.58179 16.58177 16.58175
#> 2 20.36249 20.36243 20.36239 20.36234 20.36230 20.36226
#> 3 13.49625 13.49630 13.49635 13.49639 13.49643 13.49646
#> 4 22.21688 22.21689 22.21689 22.21690 22.21690 22.21691
#> 5 23.49076 23.49078 23.49080 23.49081 23.49082 23.49084
#> 6 18.48667 18.48660 18.48654 18.48648 18.48643 18.48639
#> 7 14.66946 14.66946 14.66946 14.66947 14.66947 14.66948
#> 8 12.16689 12.16691 12.16692 12.16693 12.16694 12.16694
#> 9 11.00028 11.00030 11.00031 11.00032 11.00033 11.00034
#> 10 10.12406 10.12408 10.12409 10.12411 10.12412 10.12413
#> 11 29.45940 29.45939 29.45938 29.45937 29.45937 29.45936
#> 12 30.93680 30.93680 30.93679 30.93679 30.93678 30.93678
#> 13 30.91240 30.91239 30.91238 30.91237 30.91237 30.91236
#> 14 23.15749 23.15756 23.15763 23.15770 23.15776 23.15781
#> 15 17.05983 17.05980 17.05978 17.05976 17.05974 17.05972
#> 16 17.38709 17.38706 17.38703 17.38700 17.38697 17.38695
#> 17 27.47334 27.47341 27.47348 27.47354 27.47360 27.47366
#> 18 28.09155 28.09153 28.09151 28.09150 28.09148 28.09146
#> 19 17.16801 17.16791 17.16781 17.16773 17.16765 17.16758
#> 20 15.27275 15.27280 15.27285 15.27290 15.27293 15.27297
#> 21 25.98574 25.98576 25.98578 25.98580 25.98582 25.98584
#>
#> $penalty.factor
#> [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $n
#> [1] 21
#>
#> $y
#> [1] 18.7 18.1 14.3 24.4 22.8 17.8 16.4 10.4 10.4 14.7 32.4 30.4 33.9 21.5 15.5
#> [16] 15.2 26.0 30.4 15.8 15.0 21.4
#>
#> $X
#> am carb cyl disp drat gear
#> [1,] -0.7844645 -0.4442617 1.00250941 0.9196362 -0.7858427 -0.9338592
#> [2,] -0.7844645 -1.0662280 -0.05012547 -0.1003429 -1.4534829 -0.9338592
#> [3,] -0.7844645 0.7996710 1.00250941 0.9196362 -0.6831288 -0.9338592
#> [4,] -0.7844645 -0.4442617 -1.10276036 -0.6919308 0.1385822 0.3735437
#> [5,] -0.7844645 -0.4442617 -1.10276036 -0.7365077 0.5323188 0.3735437
#> [6,] -0.7844645 0.7996710 -0.05012547 -0.5340229 0.5323188 0.3735437
#> [7,] -0.7844645 0.1777047 1.00250941 0.2834714 -0.9227945 -0.9338592
#> [8,] -0.7844645 0.7996710 1.00250941 1.7658411 -1.1624603 -0.9338592
#> [9,] -0.7844645 0.7996710 1.00250941 1.6751763 -1.0426274 -0.9338592
#> [10,] -0.7844645 0.7996710 1.00250941 1.5240683 -0.6488909 -0.9338592
#> [11,] 1.2747549 -1.0662280 -1.10276036 -1.2056981 0.8062224 0.3735437
#> [12,] 1.2747549 -0.4442617 -1.10276036 -1.2283643 2.2613357 0.3735437
#> [13,] 1.2747549 -1.0662280 -1.10276036 -1.2631191 1.0458882 0.3735437
#> [14,] -0.7844645 -1.0662280 -1.10276036 -0.8929045 0.1557012 -0.9338592
#> [15,] -0.7844645 -0.4442617 1.00250941 0.6023094 -1.4534829 -0.9338592
#> [16,] -0.7844645 -0.4442617 1.00250941 0.4965338 -0.7858427 -0.9338592
#> [17,] 1.2747549 -0.4442617 -1.10276036 -0.8913934 1.4053867 1.6809466
#> [18,] 1.2747549 -0.4442617 -1.10276036 -1.0817895 0.2755341 1.6809466
#> [19,] 1.2747549 0.7996710 1.00250941 0.8516376 1.0458882 1.6809466
#> [20,] 1.2747549 3.2875363 1.00250941 0.4738676 -0.1182025 1.6809466
#> [21,] 1.2747549 -0.4442617 -1.10276036 -0.8861046 0.8575794 0.3735437
#> hp qsec vs wt
#> [1,] 0.34790881 -0.52667534 -0.9534626 0.15934567
#> [2,] -0.58535022 1.12332852 1.0488088 0.17764124
#> [3,] 1.28116784 -1.13511426 -0.9534626 0.27826685
#> [4,] -1.15863792 1.00989075 1.0488088 -0.06934891
#> [5,] -0.71867294 2.50520674 1.0488088 -0.10594004
#> [6,] -0.34536933 0.44270193 1.0488088 0.15934567
#> [7,] 0.41457017 -0.33073738 -0.9534626 0.73565601
#> [8,] 0.74787697 -0.03167418 -0.9534626 1.81509443
#> [9,] 0.88119969 -0.11417437 -0.9534626 1.97426586
#> [10,] 1.08118376 -0.32042486 -0.9534626 1.90199837
#> [11,] -1.10530883 0.73660886 1.0488088 -0.97497945
#> [12,] -1.29196063 0.24676397 1.0488088 -1.51012476
#> [13,] -1.11864110 0.95832813 1.0488088 -1.30887353
#> [14,] -0.69200840 1.01504701 1.0488088 -0.73256319
#> [15,] 0.01460201 -0.60401927 -0.9534626 0.23252794
#> [16,] 0.01460201 -0.38230000 -0.9534626 0.15477178
#> [17,] -0.77200203 -0.69167572 -0.9534626 -1.02986615
#> [18,] -0.47869205 -0.58855048 1.0488088 -1.60343215
#> [19,] 1.53448101 -1.82605337 -0.9534626 -0.08764448
#> [20,] 2.48107231 -1.77449075 -0.9534626 0.27826685
#> [21,] -0.53202114 0.28801407 1.0488088 -0.44440802
#> attr(,"center")
#> [1] 0.3809524 2.7142857 6.0952381 238.2809524 3.6090476 3.7142857
#> [7] 148.9047619 18.0414286 0.4761905 3.2658095
#> attr(,"scale")
#> [1] 0.4856209 1.6078041 1.8999940 132.3556487 0.5841470 0.7648752
#> [7] 75.0059710 1.9393894 0.4994328 1.0931610
#> attr(,"nonsingular")
#> [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "ncvreg"
#>
#> $min
#> [1] 35
#>
#> $lambda.min
#> [1] 0.5676106
#>
#> $null.dev
#> [1] 46.81855
#>
#> $Bias
#> [1] 5.846849
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "cv.ncvreg"
# Make predictions for the test rows
predictions = learner$predict(task, row_ids = ids$test)
# Score the predictions
predictions$score()
#> regr.mse
#> 8.512018