Cross-Validated MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Learner
Source:R/learner_ncvreg_regr_cv_ncvreg.R
mlr_learners_regr.cv_ncvreg.RdMCP- or SCAD-penalized regression models with k-fold cross validation
for choosing the regularization parameter lambda.
Calls ncvreg::cv.ncvreg() from package ncvreg with family set to
"gaussian" (default). Poisson family is also supported.
Covariates are internally standardized by ncvreg prior to model fitting.
Meta Information
Task type: “regr”
Predict Types: “response”
Feature Types: “integer”, “numeric”
Required Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, ncvreg
Parameters
| Id | Type | Default | Levels | Range |
| family | character | gaussian | gaussian, poisson | - |
| penalty | character | MCP | MCP, SCAD, lasso | - |
| gamma | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| alpha | numeric | 1 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| lambda.min | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| nlambda | integer | 100 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| lambda | untyped | - | - | |
| eps | numeric | 1e-04 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| max.iter | integer | 10000 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| convex | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| dfmax | integer | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| penalty.factor | untyped | - | - | |
| warn | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| returnX | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| cluster | untyped | - | - | |
| nfolds | integer | 10 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| fold | untyped | - | - | |
| returnY | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| trace | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| pred_lambda | numeric | - | \((-\infty, \infty)\) |
References
Breheny P, Huang J (2011). “Coordinate descent algorithms for nonconvex penalized regression, with applications to biological feature selection.” Annals of Applied Statistics, 5(1), 232–253. ISSN 1932-6157, doi:10.1214/10-AOAS388 .
See also
as.data.table(mlr_learners)for a table of available Learners in the running session (depending on the loaded packages).Chapter in the mlr3book: https://mlr3book.mlr-org.com/basics.html#learners
mlr3learners for a selection of recommended learners.
mlr3cluster for unsupervised clustering learners.
mlr3pipelines to combine learners with pre- and postprocessing steps.
mlr3tuning for tuning of hyperparameters, mlr3tuningspaces for established default tuning spaces.
Super classes
mlr3::Learner -> mlr3::LearnerRegr -> LearnerRegrNCVreg
Methods
Inherited methods
Method selected_features()
Returns the set of selected features which have non-zero coefficients.
Calls the internal coef.cv.ncvreg() function.
Returns
(character()) vector of feature names.
Examples
# Define the Learner
learner = lrn("regr.cv_ncvreg")
print(learner)
#>
#> ── <LearnerRegrNCVreg> (regr.cv_ncvreg): MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Model
#> • Model: -
#> • Parameters: list()
#> • Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, and ncvreg
#> • Predict Types: [response]
#> • Feature Types: integer and numeric
#> • Encapsulation: none (fallback: -)
#> • Properties: selected_features
#> • Other settings: use_weights = 'error'
# Define a Task
task = tsk("mtcars")
# Create train and test set
ids = partition(task)
# Train the learner on the training ids
learner$train(task, row_ids = ids$train)
print(learner$model)
#> $cve
#> [1] 40.11345 37.97529 35.27917 31.81503 28.95985 26.62368 24.72901 23.20908
#> [9] 22.00646 21.07178 20.36263 19.84264 19.48066 19.25001 19.12792 19.05407
#> [17] 18.68152 18.33243 18.24540 18.29368 18.32246 18.37140 18.46898 18.41915
#> [25] 18.29714 18.20122 18.13966 18.66853 18.56304 18.27307 17.41833 16.99892
#> [33] 16.69583 16.57954 16.57633 16.58104 16.58112 17.16610 18.34214 17.88898
#> [41] 18.37590 23.18265 22.30644 29.03700 28.59679 28.54030 27.14930 27.06524
#> [49] 27.01693 26.98609 26.12628 26.12663 26.12699 26.12152 26.83513 23.93524
#> [57] 22.00846 22.11836 22.11784 22.08803 21.05950 21.05901 21.05853 21.05806
#> [65] 21.05761 20.97715 21.10873 21.41911 21.41956 21.41999 21.41992 21.77533
#> [73] 21.79439 21.81463 21.82057 21.81492 21.83621 21.83633 21.83642 21.83647
#> [81] 21.83649 21.83646 21.83866 21.83864 21.83860 21.83854 21.83846 21.83794
#> [89] 21.74344 21.74420 21.74495 21.74429 21.74579 21.74726 21.74868 21.75008
#> [97] 21.75146 21.76692 21.76824 21.76953
#>
#> $cvse
#> [1] 11.466106 11.392132 10.951392 9.972726 9.099427 8.316315 7.612995
#> [8] 6.982944 6.422711 5.931194 5.508922 5.157270 4.877569 4.670161
#> [15] 4.533533 4.457619 4.349650 4.258134 4.221269 4.212940 4.199500
#> [22] 4.190251 4.204466 4.209813 4.191794 4.182232 4.183797 4.336483
#> [29] 4.317986 4.310540 4.335065 4.241376 4.166438 4.132400 4.123779
#> [36] 4.122052 4.122045 4.314795 4.706515 4.768355 4.509690 5.939276
#> [43] 5.715361 8.456726 8.453276 8.393118 7.669861 7.659687 7.657718
#> [50] 8.300324 8.129731 8.130138 8.130542 8.176269 8.240857 6.124551
#> [57] 6.118820 5.956065 5.955883 5.961112 5.890004 5.889890 5.889791
#> [64] 5.889703 5.889628 6.008365 6.012772 6.076786 6.077099 6.077394
#> [71] 6.077534 6.182498 6.167485 6.164105 6.163221 6.164315 6.162051
#> [78] 6.162125 6.162185 6.162234 6.162270 6.162299 6.161932 6.161930
#> [85] 6.161919 6.161898 6.161869 6.161694 6.133987 6.134232 6.134472
#> [92] 6.142898 6.143472 6.144027 6.144564 6.145080 6.145577 6.143850
#> [99] 6.144309 6.144751
#>
#> $fold
#> [1] 8 1 7 5 5 6 4 2 4 8 1 9 2 3 10 10 6 3 9 1 7
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 5.315698728 4.957438424 4.623323667 4.311727125 4.021131148 3.750120367
#> [7] 3.497374805 3.261663449 3.041838249 2.836828531 2.645635783 2.467328786
#> [13] 2.301039083 2.145956751 2.001326448 1.866443743 1.740651682 1.623337584
#> [19] 1.513930064 1.411896245 1.316739163 1.227995351 1.145232574 1.068047732
#> [25] 0.996064889 0.928933449 0.866326444 0.807938941 0.753486560 0.702704088
#> [31] 0.655344184 0.611176180 0.569984951 0.531569873 0.495743842 0.462332367
#> [37] 0.431172713 0.402113115 0.375012037 0.349737481 0.326166345 0.304183825
#> [43] 0.283682853 0.264563578 0.246732879 0.230103908 0.214595675 0.200132645
#> [49] 0.186644374 0.174065168 0.162333758 0.151393006 0.141189624 0.131673916
#> [55] 0.122799535 0.114523257 0.106804773 0.099606489 0.092893345 0.086632644
#> [61] 0.080793894 0.075348656 0.070270409 0.065534418 0.061117618 0.056998495
#> [67] 0.053156987 0.049574384 0.046233237 0.043117271 0.040211311 0.037501204
#> [73] 0.034973748 0.032616634 0.030418382 0.028368285 0.026456358 0.024673288
#> [79] 0.023010391 0.021459568 0.020013264 0.018664437 0.017406517 0.016233376
#> [85] 0.015139301 0.014118962 0.013167392 0.012279954 0.011452326 0.010680477
#> [91] 0.009960649 0.009289334 0.008663264 0.008079389 0.007534866 0.007027041
#> [97] 0.006553442 0.006111762 0.005699850 0.005315699
#>
#> $fit
#> $beta
#> 5.3157 4.9574 4.6233 4.3117 4.0211 3.7501
#> (Intercept) 21.15714 22.8034521 24.338806 25.77068 27.106053 28.351426
#> am 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.00000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.00000 -0.5249232 -1.014468 -1.47102 -1.896801 -2.293886
#> 3.4974 3.2617 3.0418 2.8368 2.6456 2.4673
#> (Intercept) 29.512865 30.596026 31.606186 32.548265 33.426851 34.246223
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt -2.664209 -3.009574 -3.331662 -3.632042 -3.912178 -4.173433
#> 2.3010 2.1460 2.0013 1.8664 1.7407 1.6233
#> (Intercept) 35.010372 35.723020 36.38764 37.007462 37.441920 37.441920
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt -4.417081 -4.644308 -4.85622 -5.053851 -5.192377 -5.192377
#> 1.5139 1.4119 1.3167 1.2280 1.1452 1.0680
#> (Intercept) 37.441920 37.441920 37.441920 36.10908546 34.2481736 32.5126357
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.06963329 0.1668557 0.2575281
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -5.192377 -5.192377 -5.192377 -5.16860313 -5.1354102 -5.1044536
#> 0.9961 0.9289 0.8663 0.8079 0.7535 0.7027
#> (Intercept) 30.8940672 29.3845847 27.9768364 26.663966 25.4395779 11.0656006
#> am 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 1.6352603
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.3420894 0.4209516 0.4944987 0.563089 0.6270565 0.9437942
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -5.0755834 -5.0486589 -5.0235490 -5.000132 -4.9782922 -4.1070569
#> 0.6553 0.6112 0.5700 0.5316 0.4957 0.4623
#> (Intercept) -1.385176 -2.849647 -3.048861 -3.052654 -3.054964 -3.056370
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 3.042039 3.100241 3.108046 3.108505 3.108784 3.108955
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 1.220726 1.281781 1.290117 1.290193 1.290240 1.290268
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt -3.356033 -3.308028 -3.301540 -3.301300 -3.301154 -3.301065
#> 0.4312 0.4021 0.3750 0.3497 0.3262 0.3042
#> (Intercept) -3.057226 -3.057747 -3.058064 -3.058257 -3.058375 -3.058447
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 3.109058 3.109121 3.109160 3.109183 3.109197 3.109206
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 1.290285 1.290296 1.290302 1.290306 1.290308 1.290310
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt -3.301010 -3.300977 -3.300957 -3.300945 -3.300937 -3.300933
#> 0.2837 0.2646 0.2467 0.2301 0.2146 0.2001
#> (Intercept) 4.1183585 4.1175610 4.1169402 3.392128 3.3916940 -54.627941
#> am 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 1.615097 1.6144163 0.000000
#> carb -1.0011628 -1.0014516 -1.0016761 -0.971583 -0.9718646 -1.946031
#> cyl 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 2.847762
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 4.639657
#> gear 3.6131963 3.6136876 3.6140695 2.994107 2.9948253 5.645079
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.7861641 0.7860767 0.7860087 0.855903 0.8557921 1.996263
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> wt -2.4908877 -2.4904729 -2.4901503 -2.190360 -2.1901004 -2.965256
#> 0.1866 0.1741 0.1623 0.1514 0.1412
#> (Intercept) -54.633229 -85.63354904 -85.63242588 -85.63144387 -85.63059410
#> am 0.000000 1.43006905 1.42989339 1.42972322 1.42955845
#> carb -1.946124 -0.68637192 -0.68659906 -0.68681904 -0.68703198
#> cyl 2.848065 2.62851731 2.62866123 2.62880419 2.62894599
#> disp 0.000000 0.03838882 0.03838407 0.03837952 0.03837515
#> drat 4.639878 5.19425861 5.19439615 5.19453379 5.19467125
#> gear 5.645377 5.97005825 5.97016987 5.97028282 5.97039675
#> hp 0.000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 1.996386 3.55300468 3.55285557 3.55271438 3.55258079
#> vs 0.000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -2.965366 -6.43384928 -6.43337982 -6.43293025 -6.43249995
#> 0.1317 0.1228 0.1145 0.1068 0.0996
#> (Intercept) -85.62986811 -85.62925781 -85.62875554 -85.62835397 -85.62804616
#> am 1.42939902 1.42924482 1.42909576 1.42895175 1.42881269
#> carb -0.68723799 -0.68743718 -0.68762969 -0.68781564 -0.68799515
#> cyl 2.62908643 2.62922533 2.62936253 2.62949788 2.62963126
#> disp 0.03837096 0.03836695 0.03836311 0.03835944 0.03835592
#> drat 5.19480827 5.19494459 5.19508001 5.19521432 5.19534734
#> gear 5.97051137 5.97062639 5.97074156 5.97085662 5.97097135
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 3.55245447 3.55233512 3.55222244 3.55211615 3.55201597
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -6.43208831 -6.43169471 -6.43131855 -6.43095925 -6.43061623
#> 0.0929 0.0866 0.0808 0.0753 0.0703
#> (Intercept) -85.62782551 -85.62768575 -85.62762093 -85.62762541 -85.62769385
#> am 1.42867848 1.42854901 1.42842417 1.42830388 1.42818800
#> carb -0.68816837 -0.68833543 -0.68849647 -0.68865163 -0.68880105
#> cyl 2.62976255 2.62989164 2.63001845 2.63014289 2.63026490
#> disp 0.03835256 0.03834935 0.03834629 0.03834336 0.03834057
#> drat 5.19547889 5.19560882 5.19573701 5.19586331 5.19598764
#> gear 5.97108555 5.97119903 5.97131162 5.97142316 5.97153350
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 3.55192162 3.55183286 3.55174943 3.55167108 3.55159759
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -6.43028894 -6.42997681 -6.42967931 -6.42939591 -6.42912609
#> 0.0655 0.0611 0.0570 0.0532 0.0496
#> (Intercept) -85.62782117 -85.62800259 -85.62823358 -85.62850985 -85.62882736
#> am 1.42807645 1.42796910 1.42786586 1.42776661 1.42767125
#> carb -0.68894486 -0.68908322 -0.68921626 -0.68934413 -0.68946697
#> cyl 2.63038442 2.63050139 2.63061579 2.63072758 2.63083673
#> disp 0.03833791 0.03833537 0.03833295 0.03833065 0.03832847
#> drat 5.19610987 5.19622994 5.19634777 5.19646329 5.19657645
#> gear 5.97164251 5.97175008 5.97185611 5.97196049 5.97206315
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 3.55152872 3.55146426 3.55140400 3.55134773 3.55129527
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -6.42886935 -6.42862521 -6.42839317 -6.42817279 -6.42796359
#> 0.0462 0.0431 0.0402 0.0375 0.0350
#> (Intercept) -85.62918230 -85.62957106 -85.62999027 -85.63043672 -85.63090743
#> am 1.42757967 1.42749176 1.42740741 1.42732652 1.42724900
#> carb -0.68958491 -0.68969810 -0.68980667 -0.68991077 -0.69001052
#> cyl 2.63094323 2.63104706 2.63114823 2.63124674 2.63134259
#> disp 0.03832639 0.03832441 0.03832253 0.03832075 0.03831906
#> drat 5.19668720 5.19679551 5.19690134 5.19700467 5.19710549
#> gear 5.97216401 5.97226300 5.97236007 5.97245518 5.97254828
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 3.55124642 3.55120101 3.55115886 3.55111980 3.55108368
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -6.42776515 -6.42757703 -6.42739881 -6.42723010 -6.42707050
#> 0.0326 0.0304 0.0284 0.0265 0.0247
#> (Intercept) -85.63139958 -85.63191053 -85.63243779 -85.63297906 -89.463584280
#> am 1.42717473 1.42710361 1.42703554 1.42697043 1.496451525
#> carb -0.69010607 -0.69019754 -0.69028506 -0.69036876 -0.701695384
#> cyl 2.63143579 2.63152637 2.63161433 2.63169971 2.661630632
#> disp 0.03831746 0.03831595 0.03831451 0.03831315 0.037314365
#> drat 5.19720378 5.19729955 5.19739280 5.19748353 5.182088375
#> gear 5.97263934 5.97272834 5.97281525 5.97290006 6.160120136
#> hp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.006249304
#> qsec 3.55105034 3.55101964 3.55099143 3.55096558 3.693862917
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000
#> wt -6.42691963 -6.42677712 -6.42664261 -6.42651576 -6.479825767
#> 0.0230 0.0215 0.0200 0.0187
#> (Intercept) -89.466255721 -89.46885405 -90.563867485 -90.572262843
#> am 1.496215650 1.49598913 1.449135584 1.449108233
#> carb -0.701985386 -0.70226161 -0.691409766 -0.691396013
#> cyl 2.661970503 2.66229832 2.622899802 2.622939335
#> disp 0.037310335 0.03730657 0.037253463 0.037252451
#> drat 5.182451377 5.18280429 5.140013565 5.139956960
#> gear 6.160460998 6.16078703 6.208708198 6.209157260
#> hp 0.006248344 0.00624730 0.007656654 0.007666358
#> qsec 3.693792584 3.69372661 3.774957544 3.775320179
#> vs 0.000000000 0.00000000 -0.266010307 -0.266445621
#> wt -6.479438748 -6.47907538 -6.544638210 -6.544853478
#> 0.0174 0.0162 0.0151 0.0141
#> (Intercept) -90.580277180 -90.587927592 -90.595230422 -90.60220128
#> am 1.449081090 1.449054231 1.449027724 1.44900163
#> carb -0.691385243 -0.691377191 -0.691371607 -0.69136826
#> cyl 2.622980822 2.623024020 2.623068702 2.62311465
#> disp 0.037251468 0.037250516 0.037249595 0.03724871
#> drat 5.139907346 5.139864261 5.139827264 5.13979593
#> gear 6.209587391 6.209999332 6.210393800 6.21077149
#> hp 0.007675563 0.007684291 0.007692566 0.00770041
#> qsec 3.775664224 3.775990606 3.776300208 3.77659387
#> vs -0.266856168 -0.267243209 -0.267607949 -0.26795154
#> wt -6.545055656 -6.545245563 -6.545423969 -6.54559160
#> 0.0132 0.0123 0.0115 0.0107
#> (Intercept) -90.608855098 -90.615206122 -90.621267977 -90.627053676
#> am 1.448975992 1.448950861 1.448926274 1.448902261
#> carb -0.691366937 -0.691367433 -0.691369560 -0.691373143
#> cyl 2.623161674 2.623209575 2.623258181 2.623307328
#> disp 0.037247846 0.037247019 0.037246224 0.037245459
#> drat 5.139769865 5.139748677 5.139732006 5.139719506
#> gear 6.211133057 6.211479157 6.211810406 6.212127399
#> hp 0.007707843 0.007714885 0.007721555 0.007727871
#> qsec 3.776872398 3.777136553 3.777387062 3.777624617
#> vs -0.268275078 -0.268579618 -0.268866160 -0.269135660
#> wt -6.545749136 -6.545897224 -6.546036468 -6.546167437
#> 0.0100 0.0093 0.0087 0.0081
#> (Intercept) -90.632575652 -90.637845783 -90.642875418 -90.647675402
#> am 1.448878852 1.448856068 1.448833928 1.448812448
#> carb -0.691378018 -0.691384034 -0.691391049 -0.691398933
#> cyl 2.623356863 2.623406644 2.623456540 2.623506428
#> disp 0.037244726 0.037244024 0.037243353 0.037242712
#> drat 5.139710849 5.139705725 5.139703841 5.139704920
#> gear 6.212430711 6.212720893 6.212998477 6.213263973
#> hp 0.007733851 0.007739511 0.007744867 0.007749935
#> qsec 3.777849879 3.778063474 3.778265999 3.778458022
#> vs -0.269389029 -0.269627137 -0.269850811 -0.270060838
#> wt -6.546290666 -6.546406659 -6.546515887 -6.546618794
#> 0.0075 0.0070 0.0066 0.0061
#> (Intercept) -90.652256094 -90.65662739 -90.660798759 -90.664779227
#> am 1.448791640 1.44877151 1.448752070 1.448733318
#> carb -0.691407563 -0.69141683 -0.691426624 -0.691436856
#> cyl 2.623556195 2.62360574 2.623654963 2.623703779
#> disp 0.037242100 0.03724152 0.037240964 0.037240439
#> drat 5.139708700 5.13971494 5.139723396 5.139733862
#> gear 6.213517872 6.21376065 6.213992750 6.214214619
#> hp 0.007754728 0.00775926 0.007763545 0.007767595
#> qsec 3.778640082 3.77881269 3.778976347 3.779131504
#> vs -0.270257970 -0.27044292 -0.270616367 -0.270778957
#> wt -6.546715797 -6.54680729 -6.546893627 -6.546975164
#> 0.0057 0.0053
#> (Intercept) -90.668577433 -90.672201627
#> am 1.448715257 1.448697887
#> carb -0.691447435 -0.691458282
#> cyl 2.623752109 2.623799880
#> disp 0.037239941 0.037239470
#> drat 5.139746130 5.139760008
#> gear 6.214426672 6.214629314
#> hp 0.007771422 0.007775037
#> qsec 3.779278607 3.779418075
#> vs -0.270931303 -0.271073989
#> wt -6.547052218 -6.547125090
#>
#> $iter
#> [1] 0 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
#> [19] 1 1 1 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 31 10 5 1 1 1
#> [37] 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 1 1 55 1 143 1 207 1 1 1 1
#> [55] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [73] 1 1 1 1 1 72 1 1 57 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [91] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 5.315698728 4.957438424 4.623323667 4.311727125 4.021131148 3.750120367
#> [7] 3.497374805 3.261663449 3.041838249 2.836828531 2.645635783 2.467328786
#> [13] 2.301039083 2.145956751 2.001326448 1.866443743 1.740651682 1.623337584
#> [19] 1.513930064 1.411896245 1.316739163 1.227995351 1.145232574 1.068047732
#> [25] 0.996064889 0.928933449 0.866326444 0.807938941 0.753486560 0.702704088
#> [31] 0.655344184 0.611176180 0.569984951 0.531569873 0.495743842 0.462332367
#> [37] 0.431172713 0.402113115 0.375012037 0.349737481 0.326166345 0.304183825
#> [43] 0.283682853 0.264563578 0.246732879 0.230103908 0.214595675 0.200132645
#> [49] 0.186644374 0.174065168 0.162333758 0.151393006 0.141189624 0.131673916
#> [55] 0.122799535 0.114523257 0.106804773 0.099606489 0.092893345 0.086632644
#> [61] 0.080793894 0.075348656 0.070270409 0.065534418 0.061117618 0.056998495
#> [67] 0.053156987 0.049574384 0.046233237 0.043117271 0.040211311 0.037501204
#> [73] 0.034973748 0.032616634 0.030418382 0.028368285 0.026456358 0.024673288
#> [79] 0.023010391 0.021459568 0.020013264 0.018664437 0.017406517 0.016233376
#> [85] 0.015139301 0.014118962 0.013167392 0.012279954 0.011452326 0.010680477
#> [91] 0.009960649 0.009289334 0.008663264 0.008079389 0.007534866 0.007027041
#> [97] 0.006553442 0.006111762 0.005699850 0.005315699
#>
#> $penalty
#> [1] "MCP"
#>
#> $family
#> [1] "gaussian"
#>
#> $gamma
#> [1] 3
#>
#> $alpha
#> [1] 1
#>
#> $convex.min
#> [1] 29
#>
#> $loss
#> [1] 790.19143 676.27855 580.97348 501.59842 435.84148 381.70786 337.47748
#> [8] 301.66820 273.00388 250.38670 232.87307 219.65285 210.03118 203.41288
#> [15] 199.28880 197.22407 196.80172 196.80172 196.80172 196.80172 196.80172
#> [22] 191.69345 185.19413 179.79736 175.34242 171.69054 168.72209 166.33407
#> [29] 164.43780 133.06229 123.55325 123.38512 123.38256 123.38256 123.38255
#> [36] 123.38255 123.38255 123.38255 123.38255 123.38255 123.38255 123.38255
#> [43] 115.40709 115.40708 115.40707 111.51607 111.51606 85.19671 85.19670
#> [50] 65.75321 65.75320 65.75318 65.75317 65.75315 65.75314 65.75313
#> [57] 65.75312 65.75311 65.75310 65.75310 65.75309 65.75308 65.75307
#> [64] 65.75307 65.75306 65.75306 65.75305 65.75305 65.75305 65.75304
#> [71] 65.75304 65.75304 65.75303 65.75303 65.75303 65.75303 65.75303
#> [78] 65.55136 65.55134 65.55133 65.49222 65.49221 65.49219 65.49218
#> [85] 65.49217 65.49216 65.49215 65.49214 65.49213 65.49212 65.49212
#> [92] 65.49211 65.49210 65.49210 65.49209 65.49209 65.49209 65.49208
#> [99] 65.49208 65.49208
#>
#> $linear.predictors
#> 5.3157 4.9574 4.6233 4.3117 4.0211 3.7501 3.4974 3.2617
#> 1 21.15714 21.42815 21.68090 21.91661 22.13643 22.34144 22.53264 22.71094
#> 2 21.15714 21.29430 21.42221 21.54150 21.65275 21.75650 21.85326 21.94350
#> 3 21.15714 21.58563 21.98524 22.35792 22.70547 23.02961 23.33190 23.61381
#> 4 21.15714 21.11582 21.07729 21.04135 21.00784 20.97658 20.94743 20.92025
#> 5 21.15714 20.98722 20.82874 20.68095 20.54312 20.41458 20.29470 20.18290
#> 6 21.15714 20.92948 20.71715 20.51914 20.33447 20.16225 20.00164 19.85185
#> 7 21.15714 21.12895 21.10265 21.07813 21.05526 21.03393 21.01404 20.99549
#> 8 21.15714 20.99772 20.84903 20.71037 20.58106 20.46046 20.34798 20.24309
#> 9 21.15714 20.66701 20.20992 19.78363 19.38607 19.01531 18.66953 18.34706
#> 10 21.15714 20.81924 20.50412 20.21023 19.93614 19.68054 19.44215 19.21984
#> 11 21.15714 19.95627 18.83633 17.79187 16.81780 15.90939 15.06219 14.27210
#> 12 21.15714 19.99774 18.91647 17.90808 16.96765 16.09060 15.27267 14.50985
#> 13 21.15714 21.64862 22.10698 22.53444 22.93309 23.30488 23.65160 23.97496
#> 14 21.15714 21.84022 22.47726 23.07136 23.62542 24.14214 24.62404 25.07346
#> 15 21.15714 21.50952 21.83814 22.14462 22.43044 22.69700 22.94559 23.17743
#> 16 21.15714 20.78775 20.44325 20.12197 19.82234 19.54290 19.28230 19.03926
#> 17 21.15714 20.78512 20.43817 20.11461 19.81285 19.53143 19.26898 19.02421
#> 18 21.15714 21.78773 22.37581 22.92426 23.43574 23.91276 24.35762 24.77250
#> 19 21.15714 21.68012 22.16784 22.62270 23.04690 23.44251 23.81146 24.15554
#> 20 21.15714 22.00924 22.80391 23.54503 24.23619 24.88078 25.48192 26.04254
#> 21 21.15714 21.34417 21.51858 21.68125 21.83295 21.97442 22.10636 22.22941
#> 3.0418 2.8368 2.6456 2.4673 2.3010 2.1460 2.0013 1.8664
#> 1 22.87723 23.03231 23.17694 23.31183 23.43762 23.55493 23.66434 23.766374
#> 2 22.02766 22.10614 22.17934 22.24760 22.31126 22.37063 22.42600 22.477642
#> 3 23.87673 24.12193 24.35060 24.56386 24.76274 24.94823 25.12121 25.282529
#> 4 20.89489 20.87125 20.84920 20.82863 20.80946 20.79157 20.77489 20.759333
#> 5 20.07864 19.98140 19.89071 19.80614 19.72727 19.65371 19.58511 19.521139
#> 6 19.71215 19.58187 19.46038 19.34707 19.24139 19.14284 19.05093 18.965216
#> 7 20.97819 20.96205 20.94700 20.93297 20.91988 20.90768 20.89629 20.885679
#> 8 20.14527 20.05404 19.96896 19.88961 19.81561 19.74660 19.68224 19.622216
#> 9 18.04632 17.76585 17.50429 17.26035 17.03285 16.82069 16.62282 16.438290
#> 10 19.01250 18.81915 18.63882 18.47064 18.31380 18.16754 18.03112 17.903907
#> 11 13.53525 12.84807 12.20720 11.60952 11.05212 10.53229 10.04750 9.595377
#> 12 13.79845 13.13500 12.51626 11.93922 11.40107 10.89919 10.43114 9.994631
#> 13 24.27653 24.55777 24.82006 25.06467 25.29279 25.50554 25.70395 25.888991
#> 14 25.49259 25.88347 26.24800 26.58797 26.90503 27.20071 27.47647 27.733646
#> 15 23.39364 23.59528 23.78333 23.95871 24.12227 24.27480 24.41705 24.549721
#> 16 18.81260 18.60122 18.40409 18.22024 18.04878 17.88888 17.73975 17.600676
#> 17 18.79595 18.58306 18.38453 18.19937 18.02669 17.86566 17.71547 17.575407
#> 18 25.15942 25.52026 25.85679 26.17063 26.46332 26.73628 26.99085 27.228261
#> 19 24.47643 24.77569 25.05479 25.31507 25.55782 25.78420 25.99533 26.192222
#> 20 26.56538 27.05299 27.50773 27.93182 28.32733 28.69618 29.04018 29.360986
#> 21 22.34417 22.45119 22.55100 22.64408 22.73089 22.81184 22.88734 22.957758
#> 1.7407 1.6233 1.5139 1.4119 1.3167 1.2280 1.1452
#> 1 23.837893 23.837893 23.837893 23.837893 23.837893 23.713509 23.539844
#> 2 22.513837 22.513837 22.513837 22.513837 22.513837 22.434510 22.323754
#> 3 25.395606 25.395606 25.395606 25.395606 25.395606 25.413802 25.439207
#> 4 20.748429 20.748429 20.748429 20.748429 20.748429 20.845698 20.981505
#> 5 19.476296 19.476296 19.476296 19.476296 19.476296 19.633704 19.853477
#> 6 18.905135 18.905135 18.905135 18.905135 18.905135 18.760164 18.557754
#> 7 20.878238 20.878238 20.878238 20.878238 20.878238 21.013907 21.203330
#> 8 19.580144 19.580144 19.580144 19.580144 19.580144 19.603380 19.635822
#> 9 16.308946 16.308946 16.308946 16.308946 16.308946 16.284490 16.250344
#> 10 17.814736 17.814736 17.814736 17.814736 17.814736 17.825165 17.839726
#> 11 9.278468 9.278468 9.278468 9.278468 9.278468 9.315447 9.367078
#> 12 9.688666 9.688666 9.688666 9.688666 9.688666 9.695914 9.706033
#> 13 26.018691 26.018691 26.018691 26.018691 26.018691 26.093919 26.198952
#> 14 27.913909 27.913909 27.913909 27.913909 27.913909 28.010401 28.145125
#> 15 24.642711 24.642711 24.642711 24.642711 24.642711 24.761841 24.928171
#> 16 17.503193 17.503193 17.503193 17.503193 17.503193 17.334698 17.099445
#> 17 17.477231 17.477231 17.477231 17.477231 17.477231 17.423054 17.347411
#> 18 27.394671 27.394671 27.394671 27.394671 27.394671 27.423908 27.464728
#> 19 26.330234 26.330234 26.330234 26.330234 26.330234 26.211151 26.044886
#> 20 29.585854 29.585854 29.585854 29.585854 29.585854 29.465792 29.298160
#> 21 23.007113 23.007113 23.007113 23.007113 23.007113 23.035548 23.075250
#> 1.0680 0.9961 0.9289 0.8663 0.8079 0.7535 0.7027
#> 1 23.377879 23.226830 23.085961 22.954587 22.832066 22.717803 22.38101
#> 2 22.220459 22.124126 22.034286 21.950501 21.872362 21.799490 21.86223
#> 3 25.462901 25.484997 25.505605 25.524823 25.542747 25.559462 25.64228
#> 4 21.108163 21.226284 21.336445 21.439181 21.534993 21.624348 21.11455
#> 5 20.058444 20.249596 20.427866 20.594120 20.749170 20.893770 20.84448
#> 6 18.368981 18.192930 18.028745 17.875626 17.732826 17.599650 16.25889
#> 7 21.379990 21.544744 21.698394 21.841689 21.975326 22.099957 23.38101
#> 8 19.666079 19.694296 19.720612 19.745154 19.768042 19.789387 20.74980
#> 9 16.218498 16.188798 16.161100 16.135269 16.111179 16.088712 15.67768
#> 10 17.853306 17.865971 17.877782 17.888798 17.899071 17.908651 17.43500
#> 11 9.415229 9.460136 9.502016 9.541073 9.577498 9.611468 10.51312
#> 12 9.715470 9.724271 9.732479 9.740134 9.747273 9.753931 10.46006
#> 13 26.296909 26.388264 26.473462 26.552918 26.627019 26.696126 26.94679
#> 14 28.270772 28.387951 28.497232 28.599148 28.694195 28.782837 28.85170
#> 15 25.083294 25.227963 25.362882 25.488707 25.606052 25.715489 24.73281
#> 16 16.880041 16.675425 16.484598 16.306633 16.140662 15.985877 14.74415
#> 17 17.276865 17.211073 17.149716 17.092493 17.039127 16.989358 16.27144
#> 18 27.502798 27.538303 27.571414 27.602294 27.631093 27.657951 27.49720
#> 19 25.889824 25.745212 25.610346 25.484570 25.367271 25.257877 26.21416
#> 20 29.141822 28.996020 28.860045 28.733235 28.614971 28.504677 28.97805
#> 21 23.112277 23.146808 23.179012 23.209046 23.237055 23.263177 23.74360
#> 0.6553 0.6112 0.5700 0.5316 0.4957 0.4623 0.4312 0.4021
#> 1 22.08332 21.98241 21.96861 21.96854 21.96849 21.96847 21.96845 21.96844
#> 2 21.91114 21.85666 21.84918 21.84921 21.84923 21.84925 21.84925 21.84926
#> 3 25.71469 25.73065 25.73282 25.73284 25.73286 25.73286 25.73287 25.73287
#> 4 20.68220 20.73360 20.74070 20.74054 20.74044 20.74038 20.74034 20.74032
#> 5 20.81214 20.92292 20.93811 20.93807 20.93804 20.93803 20.93802 20.93801
#> 6 15.09620 14.94483 14.92423 14.92388 14.92367 14.92354 14.92346 14.92341
#> 7 24.49175 24.63434 24.65375 24.65408 24.65428 24.65441 24.65448 24.65453
#> 8 21.57751 21.62830 21.63516 21.63543 21.63559 21.63569 21.63575 21.63578
#> 9 15.32251 15.29040 15.28604 15.28593 15.28586 15.28582 15.28580 15.28578
#> 10 17.02820 17.01880 17.01756 17.01742 17.01734 17.01729 17.01726 17.01724
#> 11 11.29115 11.34968 11.35760 11.35785 11.35800 11.35809 11.35815 11.35818
#> 12 11.06799 11.09830 11.10238 11.10258 11.10270 11.10277 11.10281 11.10284
#> 13 27.16724 27.22994 27.23851 27.23857 27.23860 27.23862 27.23863 27.23864
#> 14 28.91710 28.98854 28.99832 28.99832 28.99832 28.99832 28.99833 28.99833
#> 15 23.89504 23.94523 23.95222 23.95192 23.95174 23.95163 23.95156 23.95152
#> 16 13.66516 13.50050 13.47806 13.47774 13.47755 13.47743 13.47736 13.47732
#> 17 15.65037 15.58608 15.57735 15.57715 15.57704 15.57697 15.57692 15.57690
#> 18 27.36077 27.37595 27.37805 27.37800 27.37797 27.37795 27.37794 27.37793
#> 19 27.02923 26.97813 26.97102 26.97131 26.97149 26.97160 26.97166 26.97170
#> 20 29.37761 29.30862 29.29911 29.29927 29.29936 29.29942 29.29945 29.29947
#> 21 24.15871 24.19613 24.20121 24.20134 24.20142 24.20147 24.20150 24.20152
#> 0.3750 0.3497 0.3262 0.3042 0.2837 0.2646 0.2467 0.2301
#> 1 21.96844 21.96843 21.96843 21.96843 20.98063 20.98029 20.98002 21.44674
#> 2 21.84926 21.84926 21.84926 21.84926 20.78570 20.78542 20.78520 21.36751
#> 3 25.73287 25.73287 25.73287 25.73287 26.42164 26.42185 26.42202 26.85879
#> 4 20.74031 20.74030 20.74029 20.74029 21.23161 21.23163 21.23165 20.99961
#> 5 20.93801 20.93800 20.93800 20.93800 21.23455 21.23461 21.23465 21.13058
#> 6 14.92338 14.92336 14.92335 14.92334 14.51367 14.51328 14.51299 14.22604
#> 7 24.65456 24.65458 24.65459 24.65459 24.34617 24.34633 24.34646 23.55620
#> 8 21.63581 21.63582 21.63583 21.63583 20.38464 20.38448 20.38436 19.61041
#> 9 15.28577 15.28577 15.28576 15.28576 15.49580 15.49578 15.49576 15.43765
#> 10 17.01723 17.01722 17.01722 17.01722 16.68986 16.68966 16.68951 16.58639
#> 11 11.35820 11.35822 11.35822 11.35823 11.45217 11.45238 11.45254 11.85980
#> 12 11.10286 11.10287 11.10287 11.10288 11.33448 11.33470 11.33486 11.69047
#> 13 27.23865 27.23865 27.23865 27.23865 27.39664 27.39673 27.39680 27.85771
#> 14 28.99833 28.99833 28.99833 28.99833 28.64387 28.64377 28.64369 29.02523
#> 15 23.95150 23.95148 23.95147 23.95147 23.54789 23.54755 23.54729 23.13025
#> 16 13.47729 13.47728 13.47727 13.47726 13.50308 13.50284 13.50266 13.26660
#> 17 15.57688 15.57687 15.57687 15.57686 16.78226 16.78246 16.78262 16.60250
#> 18 27.37793 27.37793 27.37792 27.37792 27.60862 27.60864 27.60867 27.95029
#> 19 26.97173 26.97174 26.97175 26.97176 27.98046 27.98096 27.98136 27.64080
#> 20 29.29949 29.29950 29.29950 29.29950 29.69948 29.69971 29.69989 29.18534
#> 21 24.20153 24.20154 24.20154 24.20154 24.26680 24.26692 24.26701 24.87108
#> 0.2146 0.2001 0.1866 0.1741 0.1623 0.1514 0.1412 0.1317
#> 1 21.44623 20.43900 20.43895 20.72796 20.72786 20.72777 20.72767 20.72758
#> 2 21.36700 20.80077 20.80076 21.07701 21.07695 21.07689 21.07683 21.07677
#> 3 26.85881 25.53113 25.53104 24.84323 24.84330 24.84337 24.84343 24.84349
#> 4 20.99973 21.01203 21.01208 21.64958 21.64948 21.64939 21.64930 21.64922
#> 5 21.13068 20.35794 20.35799 19.91563 19.91565 19.91566 19.91568 19.91569
#> 6 14.22580 13.23341 13.23333 14.36357 14.36332 14.36308 14.36284 14.36261
#> 7 23.55669 23.03779 23.03764 22.72258 22.72260 22.72261 22.72263 22.72264
#> 8 19.61059 21.77341 21.77350 20.95530 20.95546 20.95561 20.95576 20.95590
#> 9 15.43765 16.16143 16.16155 13.41617 13.41653 13.41687 13.41721 13.41752
#> 10 16.58626 18.21911 18.21934 17.41379 17.41392 17.41405 17.41418 17.41430
#> 11 11.85982 10.71410 10.71401 12.21826 12.21807 12.21790 12.21773 12.21756
#> 12 11.69052 11.21697 11.21689 11.73223 11.73220 11.73217 11.73214 11.73210
#> 13 27.85760 28.67087 28.67095 28.74076 28.74082 28.74088 28.74093 28.74099
#> 14 29.02498 31.26113 31.26133 33.05235 33.05223 33.05211 33.05201 33.05191
#> 15 23.13011 21.55491 21.55464 21.16976 21.16968 21.16960 21.16952 21.16943
#> 16 13.26648 13.98702 13.98697 13.41577 13.41583 13.41588 13.41593 13.41598
#> 17 16.60276 18.12235 18.12254 19.12644 19.12639 19.12633 19.12629 19.12625
#> 18 27.95017 28.31879 28.31883 28.43203 28.43205 28.43207 28.43209 28.43211
#> 19 27.64142 28.64206 28.64209 27.98362 27.98380 27.98397 27.98414 27.98431
#> 20 29.18577 27.83836 27.83833 28.33263 28.33252 28.33241 28.33230 28.33219
#> 21 24.87094 23.40743 23.40725 23.01131 23.01135 23.01139 23.01142 23.01144
#> 0.1228 0.1145 0.1068 0.0996 0.0929 0.0866 0.0808 0.0753
#> 1 20.72749 20.72740 20.72731 20.72723 20.72715 20.72707 20.72699 20.72692
#> 2 21.07671 21.07666 21.07660 21.07655 21.07650 21.07645 21.07640 21.07636
#> 3 24.84355 24.84360 24.84365 24.84370 24.84374 24.84378 24.84381 24.84385
#> 4 21.64914 21.64906 21.64899 21.64892 21.64885 21.64879 21.64873 21.64867
#> 5 19.91570 19.91571 19.91572 19.91573 19.91574 19.91575 19.91576 19.91577
#> 6 14.36239 14.36217 14.36197 14.36177 14.36158 14.36139 14.36121 14.36104
#> 7 22.72265 22.72266 22.72267 22.72267 22.72268 22.72268 22.72269 22.72269
#> 8 20.95604 20.95617 20.95630 20.95643 20.95656 20.95668 20.95679 20.95691
#> 9 13.41783 13.41813 13.41841 13.41868 13.41894 13.41920 13.41944 13.41967
#> 10 17.41442 17.41454 17.41466 17.41477 17.41488 17.41499 17.41509 17.41519
#> 11 12.21741 12.21725 12.21711 12.21697 12.21683 12.21670 12.21657 12.21645
#> 12 11.73207 11.73205 11.73202 11.73199 11.73196 11.73194 11.73191 11.73189
#> 13 28.74105 28.74110 28.74115 28.74121 28.74126 28.74131 28.74135 28.74140
#> 14 33.05182 33.05174 33.05166 33.05159 33.05153 33.05147 33.05141 33.05136
#> 15 21.16935 21.16927 21.16918 21.16910 21.16902 21.16894 21.16885 21.16877
#> 16 13.41603 13.41607 13.41612 13.41616 13.41619 13.41623 13.41627 13.41630
#> 17 19.12621 19.12617 19.12615 19.12612 19.12610 19.12608 19.12606 19.12605
#> 18 28.43212 28.43214 28.43216 28.43218 28.43219 28.43221 28.43223 28.43224
#> 19 27.98446 27.98462 27.98477 27.98491 27.98505 27.98519 27.98532 27.98544
#> 20 28.33209 28.33200 28.33190 28.33181 28.33173 28.33164 28.33156 28.33149
#> 21 23.01146 23.01148 23.01150 23.01151 23.01153 23.01153 23.01154 23.01155
#> 0.0703 0.0655 0.0611 0.0570 0.0532 0.0496 0.0462 0.0431
#> 1 20.72684 20.72677 20.72670 20.72664 20.72657 20.72651 20.72645 20.72639
#> 2 21.07631 21.07627 21.07622 21.07618 21.07614 21.07610 21.07606 21.07603
#> 3 24.84388 24.84391 24.84393 24.84396 24.84398 24.84400 24.84402 24.84403
#> 4 21.64862 21.64857 21.64852 21.64848 21.64843 21.64839 21.64835 21.64832
#> 5 19.91578 19.91578 19.91579 19.91580 19.91580 19.91581 19.91581 19.91582
#> 6 14.36087 14.36071 14.36056 14.36041 14.36027 14.36013 14.36000 14.35988
#> 7 22.72269 22.72269 22.72269 22.72269 22.72269 22.72269 22.72269 22.72269
#> 8 20.95702 20.95712 20.95723 20.95733 20.95742 20.95752 20.95761 20.95769
#> 9 13.41989 13.42010 13.42030 13.42050 13.42068 13.42086 13.42103 13.42119
#> 10 17.41529 17.41539 17.41548 17.41557 17.41566 17.41575 17.41583 17.41591
#> 11 12.21634 12.21622 12.21612 12.21601 12.21591 12.21582 12.21573 12.21564
#> 12 11.73186 11.73184 11.73182 11.73180 11.73177 11.73175 11.73173 11.73171
#> 13 28.74145 28.74149 28.74153 28.74158 28.74162 28.74166 28.74170 28.74173
#> 14 33.05131 33.05127 33.05124 33.05120 33.05117 33.05115 33.05112 33.05110
#> 15 21.16869 21.16862 21.16854 21.16846 21.16839 21.16831 21.16824 21.16817
#> 16 13.41633 13.41636 13.41639 13.41641 13.41644 13.41646 13.41648 13.41650
#> 17 19.12604 19.12604 19.12603 19.12603 19.12603 19.12603 19.12603 19.12604
#> 18 28.43226 28.43227 28.43229 28.43230 28.43231 28.43233 28.43234 28.43235
#> 19 27.98556 27.98568 27.98579 27.98590 27.98601 27.98611 27.98621 27.98630
#> 20 28.33141 28.33134 28.33127 28.33121 28.33114 28.33108 28.33103 28.33097
#> 21 23.01155 23.01155 23.01155 23.01155 23.01154 23.01154 23.01153 23.01152
#> 0.0402 0.0375 0.0350 0.0326 0.0304 0.0284 0.0265 0.0247
#> 1 20.72633 20.72628 20.72622 20.72617 20.72612 20.72607 20.72603 20.52806
#> 2 21.07599 21.07596 21.07593 21.07589 21.07586 21.07583 21.07581 20.94426
#> 3 24.84405 24.84406 24.84407 24.84408 24.84409 24.84410 24.84411 24.88994
#> 4 21.64828 21.64825 21.64822 21.64819 21.64817 21.64814 21.64812 21.53628
#> 5 19.91582 19.91583 19.91583 19.91583 19.91584 19.91584 19.91584 19.90905
#> 6 14.35976 14.35964 14.35953 14.35943 14.35932 14.35923 14.35913 14.47960
#> 7 22.72269 22.72268 22.72268 22.72268 22.72267 22.72267 22.72266 22.61002
#> 8 20.95778 20.95786 20.95794 20.95801 20.95808 20.95815 20.95822 20.98333
#> 9 13.42135 13.42150 13.42164 13.42177 13.42190 13.42202 13.42214 13.43025
#> 10 17.41599 17.41606 17.41614 17.41621 17.41628 17.41634 17.41641 17.52571
#> 11 12.21556 12.21548 12.21540 12.21533 12.21526 12.21519 12.21513 12.23558
#> 12 11.73170 11.73168 11.73166 11.73164 11.73163 11.73161 11.73160 11.80927
#> 13 28.74177 28.74181 28.74184 28.74187 28.74190 28.74194 28.74196 28.77408
#> 14 33.05108 33.05107 33.05106 33.05105 33.05104 33.05103 33.05103 33.16324
#> 15 21.16810 21.16803 21.16796 21.16790 21.16783 21.16777 21.16771 21.16439
#> 16 13.41652 13.41654 13.41656 13.41658 13.41659 13.41661 13.41662 13.46323
#> 17 19.12604 19.12605 19.12606 19.12607 19.12608 19.12609 19.12610 18.95207
#> 18 28.43237 28.43238 28.43239 28.43240 28.43241 28.43242 28.43244 28.39693
#> 19 27.98639 27.98648 27.98656 27.98664 27.98672 27.98679 27.98686 27.91154
#> 20 28.33092 28.33087 28.33082 28.33077 28.33073 28.33069 28.33065 28.49015
#> 21 23.01151 23.01150 23.01149 23.01148 23.01147 23.01146 23.01145 23.10301
#> 0.0230 0.0215 0.0200 0.0187 0.0174 0.0162 0.0151 0.0141
#> 1 20.52791 20.52778 20.52955 20.52930 20.52907 20.52885 20.52863 20.52843
#> 2 20.94418 20.94410 20.97464 20.97455 20.97445 20.97436 20.97428 20.97420
#> 3 24.88993 24.88992 24.84717 24.84711 24.84705 24.84699 24.84693 24.84688
#> 4 21.53623 21.53619 21.47127 21.47102 21.47079 21.47057 21.47037 21.47017
#> 5 19.90906 19.90907 19.89984 19.89983 19.89983 19.89982 19.89981 19.89980
#> 6 14.47926 14.47893 14.49736 14.49749 14.49761 14.49772 14.49782 14.49792
#> 7 22.61001 22.61000 22.64194 22.64190 22.64186 22.64182 22.64179 22.64175
#> 8 20.98357 20.98381 20.87918 20.87914 20.87910 20.87907 20.87904 20.87901
#> 9 13.43063 13.43099 13.45135 13.45139 13.45143 13.45147 13.45150 13.45154
#> 10 17.52594 17.52616 17.61427 17.61459 17.61489 17.61518 17.61546 17.61572
#> 11 12.23536 12.23515 12.25426 12.25433 12.25439 12.25445 12.25450 12.25455
#> 12 11.80920 11.80913 11.81328 11.81338 11.81347 11.81355 11.81363 11.81370
#> 13 28.77419 28.77430 28.76294 28.76297 28.76300 28.76302 28.76305 28.76307
#> 14 33.16325 33.16328 33.20379 33.20404 33.20428 33.20450 33.20472 33.20493
#> 15 21.16413 21.16387 21.23569 21.23571 21.23573 21.23575 21.23576 21.23577
#> 16 13.46325 13.46327 13.40734 13.40724 13.40714 13.40705 13.40697 13.40688
#> 17 18.95219 18.95231 18.93407 18.93384 18.93362 18.93342 18.93323 18.93304
#> 18 28.39698 28.39702 28.35672 28.35660 28.35648 28.35637 28.35627 28.35617
#> 19 27.91181 27.91206 28.02246 28.02258 28.02268 28.02279 28.02289 28.02298
#> 20 28.49000 28.48985 28.45218 28.45234 28.45250 28.45264 28.45278 28.45291
#> 21 23.10291 23.10281 23.05069 23.05066 23.05063 23.05061 23.05058 23.05056
#> 0.0132 0.0123 0.0115 0.0107 0.0100 0.0093 0.0087 0.0081
#> 1 20.52823 20.52805 20.52787 20.52770 20.52753 20.52738 20.52723 20.52709
#> 2 20.97412 20.97404 20.97397 20.97389 20.97383 20.97376 20.97370 20.97364
#> 3 24.84683 24.84678 24.84673 24.84669 24.84664 24.84660 24.84656 24.84653
#> 4 21.46999 21.46981 21.46965 21.46949 21.46934 21.46920 21.46907 21.46894
#> 5 19.89979 19.89979 19.89978 19.89977 19.89977 19.89976 19.89976 19.89975
#> 6 14.49801 14.49810 14.49817 14.49824 14.49831 14.49837 14.49843 14.49848
#> 7 22.64172 22.64169 22.64165 22.64162 22.64159 22.64156 22.64153 22.64151
#> 8 20.87899 20.87898 20.87896 20.87895 20.87895 20.87894 20.87894 20.87894
#> 9 13.45158 13.45162 13.45165 13.45169 13.45172 13.45176 13.45179 13.45182
#> 10 17.61597 17.61621 17.61643 17.61665 17.61686 17.61705 17.61724 17.61742
#> 11 12.25460 12.25464 12.25468 12.25472 12.25475 12.25478 12.25481 12.25483
#> 12 11.81377 11.81384 11.81390 11.81396 11.81401 11.81406 11.81411 11.81416
#> 13 28.76310 28.76312 28.76315 28.76317 28.76320 28.76322 28.76325 28.76327
#> 14 33.20513 33.20532 33.20550 33.20567 33.20584 33.20599 33.20614 33.20629
#> 15 21.23577 21.23577 21.23577 21.23576 21.23575 21.23574 21.23573 21.23571
#> 16 13.40681 13.40673 13.40666 13.40660 13.40654 13.40648 13.40643 13.40638
#> 17 18.93287 18.93271 18.93256 18.93242 18.93229 18.93217 18.93205 18.93194
#> 18 28.35608 28.35599 28.35591 28.35584 28.35576 28.35570 28.35563 28.35557
#> 19 28.02307 28.02316 28.02324 28.02332 28.02340 28.02347 28.02354 28.02360
#> 20 28.45304 28.45316 28.45327 28.45337 28.45347 28.45357 28.45366 28.45374
#> 21 23.05053 23.05051 23.05049 23.05046 23.05044 23.05042 23.05040 23.05038
#> 0.0075 0.0070 0.0066 0.0061 0.0057 0.0053
#> 1 20.52695 20.52683 20.52670 20.52659 20.52647 20.52637
#> 2 20.97358 20.97352 20.97347 20.97342 20.97337 20.97332
#> 3 24.84649 24.84646 24.84643 24.84640 24.84637 24.84634
#> 4 21.46883 21.46871 21.46861 21.46851 21.46842 21.46833
#> 5 19.89975 19.89975 19.89974 19.89974 19.89973 19.89973
#> 6 14.49853 14.49857 14.49862 14.49865 14.49869 14.49872
#> 7 22.64148 22.64145 22.64143 22.64140 22.64138 22.64135
#> 8 20.87894 20.87894 20.87895 20.87896 20.87896 20.87897
#> 9 13.45186 13.45189 13.45192 13.45195 13.45197 13.45200
#> 10 17.61759 17.61775 17.61790 17.61805 17.61819 17.61832
#> 11 12.25486 12.25488 12.25490 12.25491 12.25493 12.25495
#> 12 11.81420 11.81424 11.81428 11.81432 11.81435 11.81438
#> 13 28.76329 28.76331 28.76333 28.76335 28.76338 28.76340
#> 14 33.20642 33.20655 33.20668 33.20680 33.20691 33.20702
#> 15 21.23570 21.23568 21.23566 21.23564 21.23562 21.23560
#> 16 13.40633 13.40628 13.40624 13.40620 13.40616 13.40613
#> 17 18.93184 18.93175 18.93166 18.93158 18.93150 18.93143
#> 18 28.35552 28.35547 28.35542 28.35537 28.35533 28.35529
#> 19 28.02367 28.02373 28.02378 28.02383 28.02389 28.02393
#> 20 28.45382 28.45390 28.45397 28.45404 28.45410 28.45417
#> 21 23.05036 23.05034 23.05032 23.05030 23.05028 23.05026
#>
#> $penalty.factor
#> [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $n
#> [1] 21
#>
#> $y
#> [1] 21.0 21.0 22.8 21.4 18.1 14.3 24.4 19.2 16.4 15.2 10.4 14.7 32.4 33.9 21.5
#> [16] 13.3 19.2 27.3 26.0 30.4 21.4
#>
#> $X
#> am carb cyl disp drat gear
#> [1,] 1.1547005 1.2508618 0.1097643 -0.43123068 0.6087775 0.5834600
#> [2,] 1.1547005 1.2508618 0.1097643 -0.43123068 0.6087775 0.5834600
#> [3,] 1.1547005 -1.1371471 -1.0427605 -0.85462925 0.5025954 0.5834600
#> [4,] -0.8660254 -1.1371471 0.1097643 0.36671280 -1.1326093 -0.9481224
#> [5,] -0.8660254 -1.1371471 0.1097643 0.09801755 -1.8121749 -0.9481224
#> [6,] -0.8660254 1.2508618 1.2622890 1.19722539 -0.8565358 -0.9481224
#> [7,] -0.8660254 -0.3411441 -1.0427605 -0.53952300 0.1628126 0.5834600
#> [8,] -0.8660254 1.2508618 0.1097643 -0.36934934 0.6512504 0.5834600
#> [9,] -0.8660254 0.4548588 1.2622890 0.51164539 -1.1538457 -0.9481224
#> [10,] -0.8660254 0.4548588 1.2622890 0.51164539 -1.1538457 -0.9481224
#> [11,] -0.8660254 1.2508618 1.2622890 2.01145342 -1.3025007 -0.9481224
#> [12,] -0.8660254 1.2508618 1.2622890 1.84860782 -0.8140629 -0.9481224
#> [13,] 1.1547005 -1.1371471 -1.0427605 -1.09319807 0.9910331 0.5834600
#> [14,] 1.1547005 -1.1371471 -1.0427605 -1.15507940 1.2883431 0.5834600
#> [15,] -0.8660254 -1.1371471 -1.0427605 -0.75610766 0.1840490 -0.9481224
#> [16,] -0.8660254 1.2508618 1.2622890 1.11580259 0.2477583 -0.9481224
#> [17,] -0.8660254 -0.3411441 1.2622890 1.52291660 -1.1326093 -0.9481224
#> [18,] 1.1547005 -1.1371471 -1.0427605 -1.09075538 0.9910331 0.5834600
#> [19,] 1.1547005 -0.3411441 -1.0427605 -0.75447920 1.7343080 2.1150424
#> [20,] 1.1547005 -0.3411441 -1.0427605 -0.95966467 0.3327040 2.1150424
#> [21,] 1.1547005 -0.3411441 -1.0427605 -0.74877961 1.0547424 0.5834600
#> hp qsec vs wt
#> [1,] -0.3846524 -1.14418818 -1.0488088 -0.50430810
#> [2,] -0.3846524 -0.74620969 -1.0488088 -0.25522400
#> [3,] -0.6707377 0.38376498 0.9534626 -0.79734823
#> [4,] -0.3846524 0.97362597 0.9534626 0.07688815
#> [5,] -0.4687952 1.52795317 0.9534626 0.31620425
#> [6,] 1.8872010 -1.58480724 -1.0488088 0.42365230
#> [7,] -1.1924225 1.37160447 0.9534626 0.05246814
#> [8,] -0.1658814 0.16345545 0.9534626 0.29666824
#> [9,] 0.7933456 -0.47615285 -1.0488088 0.91205251
#> [10,] 0.7933456 -0.04974731 -1.0488088 0.62878039
#> [11,] 1.3823447 -0.17766897 -1.0488088 2.23464028
#> [12,] 1.6347728 -0.46193933 -1.0488088 2.15747305
#> [13,] -1.1251084 0.99494625 0.9534626 -0.91456428
#> [14,] -1.1419369 1.30053688 0.9534626 -1.27109644
#> [15,] -0.6034235 1.37871123 0.9534626 -0.65571217
#> [16,] 1.8872010 -1.89039787 -1.0488088 0.68738841
#> [17,] 0.7092029 -0.72488941 -1.0488088 0.69227241
#> [18,] -1.1251084 0.58986099 0.9534626 -1.17341639
#> [19,] -0.7043948 -0.97362597 -1.0488088 -0.97317231
#> [20,] -0.3341668 -0.83149079 0.9534626 -1.58562617
#> [21,] -0.4014810 0.37665822 0.9534626 -0.34802004
#> attr(,"center")
#> [1] 0.4285714 2.4285714 5.8095238 212.9619048 3.6133333 3.6190476
#> [7] 132.8571429 18.0700000 0.5238095 3.1362857
#> attr(,"scale")
#> [1] 0.4948717 1.2562768 1.7353207 122.8157175 0.4708891 0.6529195
#> [7] 59.4228477 1.4071112 0.4994328 1.0237506
#> attr(,"nonsingular")
#> [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "ncvreg"
#>
#> $min
#> [1] 35
#>
#> $lambda.min
#> [1] 0.4957438
#>
#> $null.dev
#> [1] 37.62816
#>
#> $Bias
#> [1] 11.92222
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "cv.ncvreg"
# Make predictions for the test rows
predictions = learner$predict(task, row_ids = ids$test)
# Score the predictions
predictions$score()
#> regr.mse
#> 11.8304