Cross-Validated MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Learner
Source:R/learner_ncvreg_regr_cv_ncvreg.R
mlr_learners_regr.cv_ncvreg.RdMCP- or SCAD-penalized regression models with k-fold cross validation
for choosing the regularization parameter lambda.
Calls ncvreg::cv.ncvreg() from package ncvreg with family set to
"gaussian" (default). Poisson family is also supported.
Covariates are internally standardized by ncvreg prior to model fitting.
Meta Information
Task type: “regr”
Predict Types: “response”
Feature Types: “integer”, “numeric”
Required Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, ncvreg
Parameters
| Id | Type | Default | Levels | Range |
| family | character | gaussian | gaussian, poisson | - |
| penalty | character | MCP | MCP, SCAD, lasso | - |
| gamma | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| alpha | numeric | 1 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| lambda.min | numeric | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| nlambda | integer | 100 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| lambda | untyped | - | - | |
| eps | numeric | 1e-04 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| max.iter | integer | 10000 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| convex | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| dfmax | integer | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| penalty.factor | untyped | - | - | |
| warn | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| returnX | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| cluster | untyped | - | - | |
| nfolds | integer | 10 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| fold | untyped | - | - | |
| returnY | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| trace | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| pred_lambda | numeric | - | \((-\infty, \infty)\) |
References
Breheny P, Huang J (2011). “Coordinate descent algorithms for nonconvex penalized regression, with applications to biological feature selection.” Annals of Applied Statistics, 5(1), 232–253. ISSN 1932-6157, doi:10.1214/10-AOAS388 .
See also
as.data.table(mlr_learners)for a table of available Learners in the running session (depending on the loaded packages).Chapter in the mlr3book: https://mlr3book.mlr-org.com/chapters/chapter2/data_and_basic_modeling.html#sec-learners
mlr3learners for a selection of recommended learners.
mlr3cluster for unsupervised clustering learners.
mlr3pipelines to combine learners with pre- and postprocessing steps.
mlr3tuning for tuning of hyperparameters, mlr3tuningspaces for established default tuning spaces.
Super classes
mlr3::Learner -> mlr3::LearnerRegr -> LearnerRegrNCVreg
Methods
Inherited methods
LearnerRegrNCVreg$selected_features()
Returns the set of selected features which have non-zero coefficients.
Calls the internal coef.cv.ncvreg() function.
Returns
(character()) vector of feature names.
Examples
# Define the Learner
learner = lrn("regr.cv_ncvreg")
print(learner)
#>
#> ── <LearnerRegrNCVreg> (regr.cv_ncvreg): MCP- or SCAD-penalized Regression Model
#> • Model: -
#> • Parameters: list()
#> • Packages: mlr3, mlr3extralearners, and ncvreg
#> • Predict Types: [response]
#> • Feature Types: integer and numeric
#> • Encapsulation: none (fallback: -)
#> • Properties: selected_features
#> • Other settings: use_weights = 'error', predict_raw = 'FALSE'
# Define a Task
task = tsk("mtcars")
# Create train and test set
ids = partition(task)
# Train the learner on the training ids
learner$train(task, row_ids = ids$train)
print(learner$model)
#> $cve
#> [1] 25.358656 23.705624 20.705830 17.862878 15.603585 13.837547 12.487109
#> [8] 11.485629 10.775994 10.309310 10.043790 9.943770 9.978871 10.123264
#> [15] 10.355040 10.606427 10.722018 10.889062 10.919555 10.919555 10.919555
#> [22] 10.873030 10.852394 10.913898 10.955648 11.011699 10.838843 10.828360
#> [29] 10.512418 10.564968 10.566083 9.672466 9.680936 9.710595 9.747201
#> [36] 9.772111 9.798286 9.836854 9.874793 10.263718 10.758706 13.169890
#> [43] 12.972336 12.933561 12.664879 12.664678 12.373526 12.779514 12.933674
#> [50] 13.014232 13.067830 13.070182 16.351250 16.341625 16.257926 21.712545
#> [57] 21.819812 21.820886 32.820221 32.836272 32.747227 32.712351 33.004136
#> [64] 33.006623 33.018850 33.021206 33.023502 32.763569 32.641879 32.643989
#> [71] 32.608331 32.610376 33.532077 33.534800 33.537477 33.540106 33.542687
#> [78] 33.545218 33.547700 33.550131 33.547386 33.549714 33.551994 33.553847
#> [85] 33.556036 33.541136 33.542990 33.559383 33.561222 33.556761 34.070361
#> [92] 34.072715 34.079473 34.081860 34.084224 34.084858 34.087129 34.089367
#> [99] 34.075663 34.077701
#>
#> $cvse
#> [1] 8.161713 8.152860 7.642498 7.041268 6.509898 6.029536 5.589440
#> [8] 5.185044 4.816365 4.486708 4.201554 3.967429 3.790622 3.675760
#> [15] 3.624487 3.628278 3.676322 3.774558 3.793688 3.793688 3.793688
#> [22] 3.766113 3.739920 3.711554 3.687263 3.656141 3.637080 3.621290
#> [29] 3.624155 3.613630 3.622280 3.537958 3.528030 3.518139 3.509195
#> [36] 3.502451 3.498072 3.499949 3.501740 3.521576 3.501919 3.997510
#> [43] 3.928792 3.926535 3.867316 3.867231 3.623389 3.557197 3.558817
#> [50] 3.440057 3.432812 3.428277 4.309780 4.311910 4.320709 7.153751
#> [57] 7.189974 7.190970 10.363035 10.362261 10.367231 10.365409 10.328225
#> [64] 10.329435 10.319116 10.320259 10.321368 10.377315 10.365363 10.366372
#> [71] 10.373193 10.374127 10.774641 10.775911 10.777151 10.778363 10.779548
#> [78] 10.780705 10.781835 10.782940 10.784809 10.785864 10.786895 10.787792
#> [85] 10.788775 10.791856 10.792825 10.791754 10.792671 10.794451 11.036533
#> [92] 11.037720 11.039266 11.040416 11.041544 11.043364 11.044455 11.045525
#> [99] 11.048639 11.049689
#>
#> $fold
#> [1] 4 7 3 6 8 2 1 7 4 3 9 9 8 10 1 10 2 1 5 6 5
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 4.162506256 3.881967266 3.620335665 3.376337158 3.148783334 2.936565875
#> [7] 2.738651164 2.554075241 2.381939118 2.221404394 2.071689172 1.932064256
#> [13] 1.801849591 1.680410960 1.567156885 1.461535756 1.363033138 1.271169266
#> [19] 1.185496712 1.105598201 1.031084583 0.961592933 0.896784788 0.836344494
#> [25] 0.779977675 0.727409790 0.678384805 0.632663939 0.590024507 0.550258830
#> [31] 0.513173227 0.478587069 0.446331902 0.416250626 0.388196727 0.362033566
#> [37] 0.337633716 0.314878333 0.293656588 0.273865116 0.255407524 0.238193912
#> [43] 0.222140439 0.207168917 0.193206426 0.180184959 0.168041096 0.156715689
#> [49] 0.146153576 0.136303314 0.127116927 0.118549671 0.110559820 0.103108458
#> [55] 0.096159293 0.089678479 0.083634449 0.077997767 0.072740979 0.067838480
#> [61] 0.063266394 0.059002451 0.055025883 0.051317323 0.047858707 0.044633190
#> [67] 0.041625063 0.038819673 0.036203357 0.033763372 0.031487833 0.029365659
#> [73] 0.027386512 0.025540752 0.023819391 0.022214044 0.020716892 0.019320643
#> [79] 0.018018496 0.016804110 0.015671569 0.014615358 0.013630331 0.012711693
#> [85] 0.011854967 0.011055982 0.010310846 0.009615929 0.008967848 0.008363445
#> [91] 0.007799777 0.007274098 0.006783848 0.006326639 0.005900245 0.005502588
#> [97] 0.005131732 0.004785871 0.004463319 0.004162506
#>
#> $fit
#> $beta
#> 4.1625 3.8820 3.6203 3.3763 3.1488 2.9366
#> (Intercept) 20.58571 22.0320043 23.3808193 24.6387286 25.8118591 26.905924
#> am 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> cyl 0.00000 -0.2410483 -0.4658508 -0.6755024 -0.8710241 -1.053368
#> disp 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
#> 2.7387 2.5541 2.3819 2.2214 2.0717 1.9321
#> (Intercept) 27.926253 28.877816 29.765246 30.592866 31.364708 32.084530
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl -1.223423 -1.382017 -1.529922 -1.667859 -1.796499 -1.916469
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> 1.8018 1.6804 1.5672 1.4615 1.3630 1.2712
#> (Intercept) 32.755838 33.381903 33.96577 34.510291 34.891964 34.891964
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl -2.028354 -2.132698 -2.23001 -2.320763 -2.384375 -2.384375
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> 1.1855 1.1056 1.0311 0.9616 0.8968 0.8363
#> (Intercept) 34.891964 34.891964 34.891964 34.891964 34.891964 34.891964
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl -2.384375 -2.384375 -2.384375 -2.384375 -2.384375 -2.384375
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> 0.7800 0.7274 0.6784 0.6327 0.5900 0.5503
#> (Intercept) 35.1647678 36.506363 37.015293 37.015185 37.015117 37.015074
#> am 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> carb 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> cyl -2.2614058 -1.652602 -1.421300 -1.421173 -1.421094 -1.421044
#> disp 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> gear 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> hp 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> qsec 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> vs 0.0000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
#> wt -0.3275001 -1.945986 -2.560643 -2.560855 -2.560987 -2.561071
#> 0.5132 0.4786 0.4463 0.4163 0.3882 0.3620
#> (Intercept) 37.015047 37.015031 37.015020 37.015014 37.0148772921 37.00269143
#> am 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> carb 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 -0.0004729312 -0.03803158
#> cyl -1.421012 -1.420993 -1.420980 -1.420972 -1.4207133406 -1.39853238
#> disp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> drat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> qsec 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000
#> wt -2.561123 -2.561156 -2.561176 -2.561189 -2.5612330470 -2.56737560
#> 0.3376 0.3149 0.2937 0.2739 0.2554 0.2382
#> (Intercept) 36.99113026 36.9803359 36.9702684 36.9608793 36.9521231 36.9439570
#> am 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> carb -0.07310197 -0.1058213 -0.1363361 -0.1647944 -0.1913346 -0.2160862
#> cyl -1.37760664 -1.3580741 -1.3398570 -1.3228676 -1.3070233 -1.2922468
#> disp 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> drat 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> hp 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
#> wt -2.57346861 -2.5791693 -2.5844868 -2.5894459 -2.5940708 -2.5983840
#> 0.2221 0.2072 0.1932 0.1802 0.1680 0.1567
#> (Intercept) 36.9364592 34.4864212 34.4868554 34.4872381 34.487561 33.42342363
#> am 0.0000000 1.4492497 1.4490643 1.4488835 1.448720 1.85051093
#> carb -0.2390268 -0.5329657 -0.5328752 -0.5328031 -0.532747 -0.28200649
#> cyl -1.2786347 -1.1829016 -1.1830668 -1.1831764 -1.183247 -0.85173145
#> disp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000000
#> drat 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000000
#> hp 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 -0.01572448
#> qsec 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000 0.00000000
#> wt -2.6022428 -1.9595188 -1.9593893 -1.9593357 -1.959328 -1.80226188
#> 0.1462 0.1363 0.1271 0.1185 0.1106
#> (Intercept) 33.42273694 33.42220060 33.42178354 28.32895842 28.32610235
#> am 1.85082951 1.85108330 1.85128430 1.28571961 1.28561790
#> carb -0.28204234 -0.28207181 -0.28209543 -0.50507747 -0.50523192
#> cyl -0.85155423 -0.85142485 -0.85133098 -0.66116214 -0.66094594
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> drat 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> gear 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 1.09236634 1.09289501
#> hp -0.01572685 -0.01572862 -0.01572994 -0.01998207 -0.01998567
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -1.80229017 -1.80229819 -1.80229366 -1.38687136 -1.38669777
#> 0.1031 0.0962 0.0897 0.0836 0.0780
#> (Intercept) 30.24644159 30.24566275 30.24496264 30.24434138 30.24379598
#> am 1.49392511 1.49380050 1.49369913 1.49361938 1.49355893
#> carb -0.55785381 -0.55790796 -0.55795958 -0.55800871 -0.55805524
#> cyl -0.73917219 -0.73915681 -0.73912683 -0.73908873 -0.73904716
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> drat -0.91243610 -0.91279545 -0.91311505 -0.91340009 -0.91365469
#> gear 1.48039657 1.48088925 1.48132338 1.48170500 1.48203970
#> hp -0.02093173 -0.02093473 -0.02093744 -0.02093985 -0.02094198
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -1.21050349 -1.21026132 -1.21006668 -1.20990841 -1.20977793
#> 0.0727 0.0678 0.0633 0.0590 0.0550
#> (Intercept) 30.24332147 30.24291176 30.24256024 30.24226023 30.24200528
#> am 1.49351508 1.49348509 1.49346632 1.49345639 1.49345318
#> carb -0.55809905 -0.55813999 -0.55817798 -0.55821296 -0.55824496
#> cyl -0.73900537 -0.73896551 -0.73892888 -0.73889617 -0.73886765
#> disp 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> drat -0.91388218 -0.91408534 -0.91426657 -0.91442796 -0.91457142
#> gear 1.48233261 1.48258845 1.48281154 1.48300577 1.48317465
#> hp -0.02094383 -0.02094544 -0.02094681 -0.02094798 -0.02094897
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> vs 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> wt -1.20966875 -1.20957601 -1.20949608 -1.20942629 -1.20936468
#> 0.0513 0.0479 0.0446 0.0416 0.0388
#> (Intercept) 28.97327046 26.29816965 26.30066055 26.30301340 26.30523422
#> am 1.58662900 2.07487688 2.07488797 2.07489780 2.07490673
#> carb -0.53484374 -0.09590423 -0.09570172 -0.09550912 -0.09532593
#> cyl -0.60813206 -0.72330064 -0.72355401 -0.72379296 -0.72401826
#> disp 0.00000000 0.01264328 0.01264761 0.01265172 0.01265562
#> drat -0.81989374 -0.79000656 -0.78997367 -0.78994141 -0.78990990
#> gear 1.48475739 1.19899582 1.19862077 1.19826593 1.19793025
#> hp -0.02200834 -0.03108593 -0.03108699 -0.03108804 -0.03108908
#> qsec 0.00000000 0.25551442 0.25552699 0.25553877 0.25554991
#> vs 0.38187090 0.35410729 0.35397359 0.35384893 0.35373272
#> wt -1.20907633 -2.17373347 -2.17409925 -2.17444659 -2.17477656
#> 0.0362 0.0338 0.0315 0.0294 0.0274
#> (Intercept) 26.30732904 26.30930388 26.31116467 26.31291723 26.31456725
#> am 2.07491507 2.07492306 2.07493090 2.07493876 2.07494676
#> carb -0.09515169 -0.09498592 -0.09482821 -0.09467814 -0.09453531
#> cyl -0.72423067 -0.72443090 -0.72461963 -0.72479754 -0.72496525
#> disp 0.01265934 0.01266287 0.01266624 0.01266944 0.01267249
#> drat -0.78987926 -0.78984957 -0.78982091 -0.78979330 -0.78976680
#> gear 1.19761270 1.19731231 1.19702814 1.19675931 1.19650497
#> hp -0.03109009 -0.03109109 -0.03109207 -0.03109303 -0.03109396
#> qsec 0.25556051 0.25557069 0.25558051 0.25559005 0.25559936
#> vs 0.35362441 0.35352345 0.35342936 0.35334164 0.35325987
#> wt -2.17509019 -2.17538843 -2.17567214 -2.17594217 -2.17619926
#> 0.0255 0.0238 0.0222 0.0207 0.0193
#> (Intercept) 26.31612025 26.31758158 26.31895638 26.32024961 26.32146602
#> am 2.07495498 2.07496350 2.07497236 2.07498158 2.07499117
#> carb -0.09439937 -0.09426995 -0.09414673 -0.09402939 -0.09391763
#> cyl -0.72512335 -0.72527242 -0.72541299 -0.72554558 -0.72567066
#> disp 0.01267540 0.01267817 0.01268081 0.01268333 0.01268573
#> drat -0.78974141 -0.78971715 -0.78969401 -0.78967198 -0.78965105
#> gear 1.19626430 1.19603654 1.19582096 1.19561687 1.19542362
#> hp -0.03109488 -0.03109577 -0.03109664 -0.03109749 -0.03109831
#> qsec 0.25560847 0.25561743 0.25562625 0.25563496 0.25564357
#> vs 0.35318362 0.35311250 0.35304615 0.35298423 0.35292641
#> wt -2.17644415 -2.17667750 -2.17689993 -2.17711204 -2.17731436
#> 0.0180 0.0168 0.0157 0.0146 0.0136
#> (Intercept) 26.32261013 26.32368627 26.32469853 26.32565082 26.32654684
#> am 2.07500115 2.07501148 2.07502216 2.07503316 2.07504446
#> carb -0.09381116 -0.09370972 -0.09361305 -0.09352091 -0.09343307
#> cyl -0.72578869 -0.72590010 -0.72600529 -0.72610465 -0.72619852
#> disp 0.01268803 0.01269022 0.01269231 0.01269431 0.01269621
#> drat -0.78963119 -0.78961237 -0.78959457 -0.78957774 -0.78956186
#> gear 1.19524058 1.19506718 1.19490287 1.19474712 1.19459944
#> hp -0.03109911 -0.03109989 -0.03110064 -0.03110137 -0.03110208
#> qsec 0.25565209 0.25566051 0.25566885 0.25567710 0.25568527
#> vs 0.35287240 0.35282193 0.35277473 0.35273057 0.35268922
#> wt -2.17750742 -2.17769169 -2.17786762 -2.17803564 -2.17819615
#> 0.0127 0.0119 0.0111 0.0103 0.0096
#> (Intercept) 26.32739006 26.32818378 26.32893111 26.32963498 26.33029812
#> am 2.07505600 2.07506778 2.07507973 2.07509184 2.07510406
#> carb -0.09334932 -0.09326945 -0.09319327 -0.09312059 -0.09305125
#> cyl -0.72628725 -0.72637115 -0.72645052 -0.72652562 -0.72659673
#> disp 0.01269804 0.01269978 0.01270145 0.01270304 0.01270457
#> drat -0.78954689 -0.78953278 -0.78951950 -0.78950700 -0.78949526
#> gear 1.19445939 1.19432651 1.19420041 1.19408070 1.19396701
#> hp -0.03110276 -0.03110343 -0.03110407 -0.03110469 -0.03110528
#> qsec 0.25569334 0.25570131 0.25570918 0.25571694 0.25572459
#> vs 0.35265049 0.35261418 0.35258011 0.35254812 0.35251807
#> wt -2.17834950 -2.17849607 -2.17863617 -2.17877012 -2.17889822
#> 0.0090 0.0084 0.0078 0.0073 0.0068
#> (Intercept) 26.33092312 26.33151240 26.33206823 26.33259274 26.33308790
#> am 2.07511636 2.07512870 2.07514105 2.07515338 2.07516565
#> carb -0.09298507 -0.09292191 -0.09286161 -0.09280405 -0.09274907
#> cyl -0.72666407 -0.72672789 -0.72678838 -0.72684575 -0.72690018
#> disp 0.01270602 0.01270742 0.01270875 0.01271003 0.01271125
#> drat -0.78948423 -0.78947388 -0.78946416 -0.78945505 -0.78944650
#> gear 1.19385902 1.19375640 1.19365885 1.19356609 1.19347785
#> hp -0.03110586 -0.03110642 -0.03110695 -0.03110747 -0.03110796
#> qsec 0.25573211 0.25573951 0.25574677 0.25575390 0.25576088
#> vs 0.35248981 0.35246322 0.35243817 0.35241456 0.35239229
#> wt -2.17902073 -2.17913792 -2.17925004 -2.17935732 -2.17945998
#> 0.0063 0.0059 0.0055 0.0051 0.0048
#> (Intercept) 26.33355559 26.33399753 26.33441535 26.33481056 26.33518457
#> am 2.07517784 2.07518993 2.07520188 2.07521369 2.07522532
#> carb -0.09269657 -0.09264643 -0.09259852 -0.09255274 -0.09250901
#> cyl -0.72695185 -0.72700092 -0.72704754 -0.72709184 -0.72713397
#> disp 0.01271242 0.01271354 0.01271461 0.01271563 0.01271661
#> drat -0.78943849 -0.78943099 -0.78942395 -0.78941736 -0.78941119
#> gear 1.19339390 1.19331399 1.19323791 1.19316545 1.19309642
#> hp -0.03110844 -0.03110890 -0.03110934 -0.03110977 -0.03111018
#> qsec 0.25576771 0.25577440 0.25578093 0.25578730 0.25579352
#> vs 0.35237126 0.35235139 0.35233260 0.35231482 0.35229798
#> wt -2.17955823 -2.17965228 -2.17974230 -2.17982848 -2.17991098
#> 0.0045 0.0042
#> (Intercept) 26.33553870 26.33587418
#> am 2.07523676 2.07524800
#> carb -0.09246721 -0.09242725
#> cyl -0.72717405 -0.72721218
#> disp 0.01271755 0.01271845
#> drat -0.78940540 -0.78939998
#> gear 1.19303063 1.19296793
#> hp -0.03111057 -0.03111095
#> qsec 0.25579957 0.25580546
#> vs 0.35228201 0.35226687
#> wt -2.17998998 -2.18006561
#>
#> $iter
#> [1] 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
#> [19] 1 1 1 1 1 1 59 85 18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 7
#> [37] 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 40 1 1 1 40 1 1 1 42 1 38
#> [55] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 68 178 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [73] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> [91] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $lambda
#> [1] 4.162506256 3.881967266 3.620335665 3.376337158 3.148783334 2.936565875
#> [7] 2.738651164 2.554075241 2.381939118 2.221404394 2.071689172 1.932064256
#> [13] 1.801849591 1.680410960 1.567156885 1.461535756 1.363033138 1.271169266
#> [19] 1.185496712 1.105598201 1.031084583 0.961592933 0.896784788 0.836344494
#> [25] 0.779977675 0.727409790 0.678384805 0.632663939 0.590024507 0.550258830
#> [31] 0.513173227 0.478587069 0.446331902 0.416250626 0.388196727 0.362033566
#> [37] 0.337633716 0.314878333 0.293656588 0.273865116 0.255407524 0.238193912
#> [43] 0.222140439 0.207168917 0.193206426 0.180184959 0.168041096 0.156715689
#> [49] 0.146153576 0.136303314 0.127116927 0.118549671 0.110559820 0.103108458
#> [55] 0.096159293 0.089678479 0.083634449 0.077997767 0.072740979 0.067838480
#> [61] 0.063266394 0.059002451 0.055025883 0.051317323 0.047858707 0.044633190
#> [67] 0.041625063 0.038819673 0.036203357 0.033763372 0.031487833 0.029365659
#> [73] 0.027386512 0.025540752 0.023819391 0.022214044 0.020716892 0.019320643
#> [79] 0.018018496 0.016804110 0.015671569 0.014615358 0.013630331 0.012711693
#> [85] 0.011854967 0.011055982 0.010310846 0.009615929 0.008967848 0.008363445
#> [91] 0.007799777 0.007274098 0.006783848 0.006326639 0.005900245 0.005502588
#> [97] 0.005131732 0.004785871 0.004463319 0.004162506
#>
#> $penalty
#> [1] "MCP"
#>
#> $family
#> [1] "gaussian"
#>
#> $gamma
#> [1] 3
#>
#> $alpha
#> [1] 1
#>
#> $convex.min
#> [1] 24
#>
#> $loss
#> [1] 509.94571 440.09644 381.65713 332.98581 292.66486 259.47112 232.34987
#> [8] 210.39228 192.81585 178.94741 168.20838 160.10198 154.20215 150.14393
#> [15] 147.61512 146.34907 146.09009 146.09009 146.09009 146.09009 146.09009
#> [22] 146.09009 146.09009 146.09009 137.64806 112.85984 110.82504 110.82503
#> [29] 110.82503 110.82503 110.82503 110.82503 110.82503 110.82503 110.81132
#> [36] 109.79130 108.96126 108.29348 107.76342 107.34975 107.03411 106.80076
#> [43] 106.63707 102.70995 102.70995 102.70995 102.70995 99.21581 99.21581
#> [50] 99.21581 99.21581 96.96066 96.96065 95.98046 95.98045 95.98045
#> [57] 95.98045 95.98044 95.98044 95.98044 95.98044 95.98044 95.98044
#> [64] 95.77066 94.04491 94.04489 94.04488 94.04487 94.04486 94.04485
#> [71] 94.04484 94.04483 94.04482 94.04482 94.04481 94.04481 94.04480
#> [78] 94.04480 94.04479 94.04479 94.04479 94.04478 94.04478 94.04478
#> [85] 94.04478 94.04477 94.04477 94.04477 94.04477 94.04477 94.04477
#> [92] 94.04477 94.04476 94.04476 94.04476 94.04476 94.04476 94.04476
#> [99] 94.04476 94.04476
#>
#> $linear.predictors
#> 4.1625 3.8820 3.6203 3.3763 3.1488 2.9366 2.7387 2.5541
#> 1 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 2 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 3 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 4 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 5 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 6 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 7 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 8 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 9 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 10 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 11 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 12 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 13 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 14 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 15 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 16 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 17 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 18 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 19 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 20 20.58571 20.10362 19.65401 19.23471 18.84367 18.47898 18.13887 17.82168
#> 21 20.58571 21.06781 21.51742 21.93672 22.32776 22.69245 23.03256 23.34975
#> 2.3819 2.2214 2.0717 1.9321 1.8018 1.6804 1.5672 1.4615
#> 1 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 2 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 3 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 4 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 5 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 6 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 7 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 8 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 9 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 10 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 11 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 12 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 13 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 14 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 15 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 16 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 17 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 18 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 19 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 20 17.52587 17.25000 16.99272 16.75278 16.52901 16.32032 16.12569 15.94419
#> 21 23.64556 23.92143 24.17871 24.41865 24.64242 24.85111 25.04573 25.22724
#> 1.3630 1.2712 1.1855 1.1056 1.0311 0.9616 0.8968 0.8363
#> 1 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 2 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 3 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 4 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 5 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 6 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 7 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 8 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 9 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 10 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 11 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 12 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 13 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 14 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 15 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 16 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 17 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 18 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 19 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571 20.58571
#> 20 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696 15.81696
#> 21 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446 25.35446
#> 0.7800 0.7274 0.6784 0.6327 0.5900 0.5503 0.5132 0.4786
#> 1 20.65477 20.99604 21.12564 21.12569 21.12572 21.12573 21.12575 21.12575
#> 2 25.35934 25.38127 25.38940 25.38931 25.38925 25.38922 25.38919 25.38918
#> 3 20.54342 20.33440 20.25503 20.25500 20.25498 20.25497 20.25496 20.25496
#> 4 15.94692 16.59135 16.83628 16.83646 16.83657 16.83664 16.83669 16.83671
#> 5 20.46318 19.85764 19.62767 19.62759 19.62754 19.62751 19.62749 19.62748
#> 6 25.08752 23.76610 23.26407 23.26380 23.26363 23.26353 23.26346 23.26342
#> 7 20.46973 19.89656 19.67888 19.67881 19.67876 19.67873 19.67871 19.67870
#> 8 15.74060 15.36538 15.22308 15.22312 15.22315 15.22317 15.22318 15.22319
#> 9 15.85195 16.02702 16.09369 16.09381 16.09389 16.09393 16.09396 16.09398
#> 10 15.83557 15.92972 15.96566 15.96577 15.96584 15.96588 15.96590 15.96592
#> 11 15.32303 12.88425 11.95826 11.95803 11.95789 11.95780 11.95775 11.95771
#> 12 25.39864 25.61478 25.69668 25.69661 25.69657 25.69654 25.69653 25.69652
#> 13 25.31186 25.09910 25.01811 25.01799 25.01791 25.01786 25.01783 25.01781
#> 14 15.94856 16.60108 16.84908 16.84926 16.84938 16.84945 16.84949 16.84952
#> 15 25.48543 26.13047 26.37525 26.37524 26.37523 26.37523 26.37523 26.37522
#> 16 25.41829 25.73154 25.85032 25.85026 25.85023 25.85021 25.85020 25.85019
#> 17 25.62364 26.95168 27.45584 27.45592 27.45597 27.45600 27.45602 27.45603
#> 18 16.03535 17.11677 17.52765 17.52789 17.52804 17.52813 17.52819 17.52823
#> 19 20.68916 21.20037 21.39451 21.39458 21.39462 21.39465 21.39466 21.39467
#> 20 15.90435 16.33837 16.50340 16.50355 16.50364 16.50370 16.50374 16.50376
#> 21 25.20869 24.48611 24.21151 24.21132 24.21120 24.21112 24.21108 24.21105
#> 0.4463 0.4163 0.3882 0.3620 0.3376 0.3149 0.2937 0.2739
#> 1 21.12576 21.12576 21.12516 21.07817 21.03436 20.99349 20.95538 20.91984
#> 2 25.38917 25.38916 25.38949 25.41422 25.43715 25.45855 25.47849 25.49710
#> 3 20.25496 20.25495 20.25576 20.31935 20.37869 20.43404 20.48567 20.53381
#> 4 16.83673 16.83674 16.83758 16.90660 16.97134 17.03176 17.08811 17.14066
#> 5 19.62747 19.62746 19.62826 19.69035 19.74819 19.80214 19.85247 19.89940
#> 6 23.26339 23.26338 23.26319 23.24527 23.22807 23.21201 23.19703 23.18307
#> 7 19.67869 19.67869 19.67806 19.62760 19.58035 19.53626 19.49515 19.45680
#> 8 15.22319 15.22319 15.22353 15.25112 15.27695 15.30106 15.32354 15.34451
#> 9 16.09399 16.09400 16.09435 16.12403 16.15193 16.17798 16.20227 16.22492
#> 10 15.96593 15.96594 15.96629 15.99566 16.02326 16.04902 16.07304 16.09545
#> 11 11.95769 11.95768 11.95749 11.93968 11.92268 11.90680 11.89199 11.87817
#> 12 25.69651 25.69651 25.69684 25.72230 25.74597 25.76805 25.78863 25.80783
#> 13 25.01780 25.01779 25.01811 25.04195 25.06400 25.08457 25.10374 25.12163
#> 14 16.84954 16.84955 16.85039 16.91943 16.98421 17.04465 17.10103 17.15360
#> 15 26.37522 26.37522 26.37557 26.40266 26.42794 26.45153 26.47352 26.49404
#> 16 25.85018 25.85018 25.85004 25.83831 25.82728 25.81697 25.80737 25.79841
#> 17 27.45604 27.45604 27.45593 27.44806 27.44084 27.43411 27.42784 27.42199
#> 18 17.52825 17.52826 17.52817 17.52373 17.51997 17.51649 17.51324 17.51022
#> 19 21.39468 21.39468 21.39314 21.27168 21.15837 21.05266 20.95408 20.86214
#> 20 16.50378 16.50379 16.50179 16.34465 16.19818 16.06154 15.93411 15.81526
#> 21 24.21103 24.21102 24.21085 24.19519 24.18026 24.16631 24.15329 24.14116
#> 0.2554 0.2382 0.2221 0.2072 0.1932 0.1802 0.1680 0.1567
#> 1 20.88669 20.85578 20.82710 21.07278 21.07277 21.07276 21.07275 22.12432
#> 2 25.51445 25.53063 25.54569 26.12502 26.12499 26.12495 26.12491 25.94138
#> 3 20.57871 20.62059 20.65941 20.55619 20.55614 20.55611 20.55609 20.50706
#> 4 17.18966 17.23537 17.27761 17.21653 17.21627 17.21611 17.21601 17.09399
#> 5 19.94316 19.98398 20.02186 20.07611 20.07609 20.07608 20.07606 20.14413
#> 6 23.17004 23.15789 23.14680 22.51640 22.51676 22.51702 22.51720 22.28153
#> 7 19.42104 19.38769 19.35683 18.51640 18.51665 18.51685 18.51701 19.05112
#> 8 15.36406 15.38230 15.39917 15.44907 15.44898 15.44892 15.44888 15.59794
#> 9 16.24605 16.26575 16.28394 16.11531 16.11517 16.11510 16.11505 16.21071
#> 10 16.11634 16.13583 16.15382 16.01733 16.01720 16.01713 16.01709 16.12060
#> 11 11.86529 11.85327 11.84229 12.41772 12.41788 12.41797 12.41799 12.23183
#> 12 25.82574 25.84244 25.85796 26.36016 26.36012 26.36007 26.36003 26.58221
#> 13 25.13831 25.15387 25.16837 24.39164 24.39182 24.39197 24.39208 23.76664
#> 14 17.20263 17.24836 17.29062 17.22633 17.22607 17.22590 17.22580 17.49612
#> 15 26.51317 26.53101 26.54755 26.87943 26.87936 26.87930 26.87925 27.05981
#> 16 25.79005 25.78226 25.77507 25.94476 25.94481 25.94483 25.94484 26.01523
#> 17 27.41653 27.41144 27.40667 27.17338 27.17335 27.17333 27.17334 26.79931
#> 18 17.50739 17.50476 17.50216 18.12892 18.12862 18.12840 18.12825 17.46762
#> 19 20.77640 20.69643 20.62228 20.21260 20.21276 20.21288 20.21298 20.72746
#> 20 15.70443 15.60106 15.50516 15.21325 15.21336 15.21346 15.21353 14.50225
#> 21 24.12984 24.11929 24.10963 24.69067 24.69080 24.69086 24.69087 24.57874
#> 0.1462 0.1363 0.1271 0.1185 0.1106 0.1031 0.0962 0.0897
#> 1 22.12453 22.12469 22.12481 21.81158 21.81152 21.65432 21.65422 21.65415
#> 2 25.94140 25.94142 25.94144 25.75854 25.75848 25.87951 25.87949 25.87946
#> 3 20.50705 20.50704 20.50704 20.47719 20.47722 20.69018 20.69026 20.69034
#> 4 17.09414 17.09424 17.09432 17.03891 17.03902 16.95719 16.95708 16.95701
#> 5 20.14413 20.14412 20.14412 20.23732 20.23741 20.79025 20.79052 20.79075
#> 6 22.28117 22.28090 22.28070 22.77668 22.77670 22.71728 22.71750 22.71765
#> 7 19.05096 19.05084 19.05074 19.48251 19.48260 19.18610 19.18622 19.18631
#> 8 15.59802 15.59808 15.59813 15.56019 15.56024 15.60505 15.60506 15.60507
#> 9 16.21080 16.21086 16.21091 16.03173 16.03172 16.01662 16.01654 16.01649
#> 10 16.12069 16.12075 16.12079 15.96238 15.96239 15.95610 15.95603 15.95599
#> 11 12.23172 12.23165 12.23161 12.28775 12.28769 12.31123 12.31128 12.31130
#> 12 26.58230 26.58237 26.58243 26.46448 26.46450 26.38007 26.38001 26.37996
#> 13 23.76633 23.76609 23.76591 23.09943 23.09895 22.78281 22.78249 22.78219
#> 14 17.49632 17.49647 17.49658 17.54539 17.54560 17.48653 17.48650 17.48649
#> 15 27.05990 27.05998 27.06003 26.83200 26.83197 26.70085 26.70073 26.70063
#> 16 26.01522 26.01522 26.01522 26.63543 26.63572 26.53260 26.53276 26.53290
#> 17 26.79927 26.79923 26.79920 27.06540 27.06549 27.43329 27.43348 27.43365
#> 18 17.46781 17.46796 17.46806 18.09525 18.09565 17.78380 17.78373 17.78368
#> 19 20.72744 20.72743 20.72742 20.74058 20.74048 21.04103 21.04120 21.04135
#> 20 14.50212 14.50202 14.50194 14.10147 14.10106 14.20249 14.20233 14.20218
#> 21 24.57867 24.57863 24.57861 24.29579 24.29559 24.19269 24.19258 24.19246
#> 0.0836 0.0780 0.0727 0.0678 0.0633 0.0590 0.0550 0.0513
#> 1 21.65408 21.65403 21.65398 21.65394 21.65390 21.65386 21.65383 21.61616
#> 2 25.87943 25.87941 25.87939 25.87938 25.87937 25.87936 25.87936 25.90500
#> 3 20.69040 20.69047 20.69052 20.69058 20.69062 20.69067 20.69070 20.79241
#> 4 16.95696 16.95693 16.95692 16.95691 16.95691 16.95691 16.95691 16.89945
#> 5 20.79096 20.79115 20.79132 20.79146 20.79160 20.79171 20.79182 20.86859
#> 6 22.71776 22.71784 22.71789 22.71793 22.71795 22.71796 22.71797 22.67859
#> 7 19.18638 19.18642 19.18645 19.18647 19.18647 19.18647 19.18646 19.42577
#> 8 15.60508 15.60510 15.60512 15.60514 15.60516 15.60517 15.60519 15.55844
#> 9 16.01645 16.01642 16.01641 16.01639 16.01639 16.01638 16.01637 15.96953
#> 10 15.95595 15.95593 15.95592 15.95592 15.95591 15.95591 15.95591 15.90907
#> 11 12.31130 12.31129 12.31128 12.31126 12.31125 12.31123 12.31122 12.25042
#> 12 26.37992 26.37988 26.37984 26.37981 26.37979 26.37977 26.37976 26.45574
#> 13 22.78192 22.78167 22.78145 22.78125 22.78107 22.78091 22.78077 22.69325
#> 14 17.48651 17.48653 17.48656 17.48660 17.48663 17.48666 17.48668 17.45571
#> 15 26.70054 26.70047 26.70041 26.70035 26.70031 26.70027 26.70024 26.77615
#> 16 26.53302 26.53312 26.53320 26.53327 26.53333 26.53338 26.53342 26.25916
#> 17 27.43380 27.43394 27.43406 27.43417 27.43427 27.43436 27.43443 27.45607
#> 18 17.78366 17.78365 17.78366 17.78366 17.78368 17.78369 17.78370 17.87633
#> 19 21.04147 21.04158 21.04167 21.04174 21.04180 21.04185 21.04190 20.95722
#> 20 14.20205 14.20193 14.20182 14.20173 14.20164 14.20157 14.20151 14.24826
#> 21 24.19234 24.19224 24.19213 24.19204 24.19196 24.19190 24.19184 24.24868
#> 0.0479 0.0446 0.0416 0.0388 0.0362 0.0338 0.0315 0.0294
#> 1 22.06743 22.06759 22.06773 22.06788 22.06801 22.06814 22.06827 22.06839
#> 2 25.67905 25.67899 25.67893 25.67887 25.67881 25.67876 25.67871 25.67866
#> 3 21.20150 21.20158 21.20166 21.20174 21.20181 21.20188 21.20194 21.20201
#> 4 17.41118 17.41135 17.41152 17.41167 17.41182 17.41197 17.41210 17.41223
#> 5 20.85924 20.85909 20.85896 20.85882 20.85870 20.85858 20.85847 20.85837
#> 6 23.09745 23.09748 23.09749 23.09751 23.09753 23.09754 23.09756 23.09757
#> 7 19.12173 19.12157 19.12142 19.12129 19.12116 19.12104 19.12093 19.12082
#> 8 14.88613 14.88590 14.88569 14.88549 14.88530 14.88512 14.88495 14.88478
#> 9 15.67630 15.67620 15.67611 15.67603 15.67594 15.67587 15.67579 15.67572
#> 10 15.66982 15.66971 15.66961 15.66951 15.66941 15.66933 15.66924 15.66916
#> 11 12.41915 12.41933 12.41949 12.41965 12.41980 12.41994 12.42007 12.42019
#> 12 26.44681 26.44671 26.44662 26.44653 26.44645 26.44637 26.44629 26.44622
#> 13 22.59485 22.59516 22.59545 22.59572 22.59598 22.59622 22.59645 22.59667
#> 14 17.56272 17.56268 17.56265 17.56261 17.56259 17.56256 17.56253 17.56251
#> 15 26.88100 26.88099 26.88099 26.88098 26.88097 26.88097 26.88096 26.88096
#> 16 26.09075 26.09077 26.09078 26.09079 26.09080 26.09081 26.09082 26.09083
#> 17 27.37780 27.37776 27.37772 27.37768 27.37764 27.37761 27.37758 27.37755
#> 18 17.90951 17.90932 17.90913 17.90896 17.90880 17.90865 17.90850 17.90836
#> 19 20.92544 20.92551 20.92557 20.92562 20.92568 20.92573 20.92578 20.92582
#> 20 14.37989 14.38005 14.38020 14.38034 14.38047 14.38059 14.38071 14.38082
#> 21 24.04226 24.04228 24.04230 24.04231 24.04232 24.04234 24.04235 24.04236
#> 0.0274 0.0255 0.0238 0.0222 0.0207 0.0193 0.0180 0.0168
#> 1 22.06850 22.06861 22.06871 22.06881 22.06891 22.06900 22.06908 22.06916
#> 2 25.67861 25.67856 25.67852 25.67847 25.67843 25.67839 25.67836 25.67832
#> 3 21.20207 21.20213 21.20219 21.20224 21.20230 21.20235 21.20240 21.20244
#> 4 17.41235 17.41247 17.41258 17.41269 17.41279 17.41289 17.41298 17.41307
#> 5 20.85827 20.85818 20.85809 20.85801 20.85793 20.85786 20.85779 20.85772
#> 6 23.09759 23.09760 23.09761 23.09762 23.09764 23.09765 23.09766 23.09767
#> 7 19.12072 19.12063 19.12054 19.12046 19.12039 19.12031 19.12024 19.12018
#> 8 14.88463 14.88448 14.88434 14.88420 14.88407 14.88395 14.88383 14.88372
#> 9 15.67565 15.67559 15.67553 15.67547 15.67542 15.67536 15.67531 15.67526
#> 10 15.66908 15.66901 15.66894 15.66888 15.66881 15.66875 15.66870 15.66864
#> 11 12.42031 12.42042 12.42053 12.42062 12.42072 12.42080 12.42089 12.42097
#> 12 26.44615 26.44609 26.44603 26.44597 26.44592 26.44587 26.44582 26.44578
#> 13 22.59687 22.59706 22.59724 22.59741 22.59757 22.59772 22.59786 22.59800
#> 14 17.56249 17.56247 17.56245 17.56244 17.56242 17.56241 17.56240 17.56239
#> 15 26.88096 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88094
#> 16 26.09083 26.09084 26.09084 26.09084 26.09084 26.09085 26.09085 26.09084
#> 17 27.37752 27.37750 27.37747 27.37745 27.37742 27.37740 27.37738 27.37736
#> 18 17.90824 17.90811 17.90800 17.90789 17.90779 17.90770 17.90761 17.90752
#> 19 20.92586 20.92591 20.92595 20.92598 20.92602 20.92605 20.92608 20.92611
#> 20 14.38092 14.38102 14.38111 14.38120 14.38128 14.38136 14.38143 14.38150
#> 21 24.04236 24.04237 24.04238 24.04238 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239
#> 0.0157 0.0146 0.0136 0.0127 0.0119 0.0111 0.0103 0.0096
#> 1 22.06924 22.06932 22.06939 22.06946 22.06952 22.06959 22.06965 22.06970
#> 2 25.67829 25.67825 25.67822 25.67819 25.67816 25.67814 25.67811 25.67809
#> 3 21.20249 21.20253 21.20258 21.20262 21.20266 21.20269 21.20273 21.20277
#> 4 17.41315 17.41324 17.41331 17.41339 17.41346 17.41353 17.41359 17.41365
#> 5 20.85766 20.85760 20.85755 20.85749 20.85745 20.85740 20.85736 20.85731
#> 6 23.09768 23.09769 23.09770 23.09770 23.09771 23.09772 23.09773 23.09774
#> 7 19.12012 19.12006 19.12000 19.11995 19.11990 19.11985 19.11981 19.11976
#> 8 14.88361 14.88351 14.88341 14.88332 14.88323 14.88314 14.88306 14.88298
#> 9 15.67522 15.67518 15.67513 15.67509 15.67506 15.67502 15.67498 15.67495
#> 10 15.66859 15.66854 15.66850 15.66845 15.66841 15.66837 15.66833 15.66830
#> 11 12.42104 12.42111 12.42118 12.42124 12.42130 12.42135 12.42141 12.42146
#> 12 26.44573 26.44569 26.44565 26.44562 26.44558 26.44555 26.44552 26.44549
#> 13 22.59812 22.59824 22.59835 22.59846 22.59855 22.59865 22.59873 22.59882
#> 14 17.56238 17.56237 17.56236 17.56235 17.56235 17.56234 17.56233 17.56233
#> 15 26.88094 26.88094 26.88094 26.88094 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095
#> 16 26.09084 26.09084 26.09084 26.09084 26.09083 26.09083 26.09082 26.09082
#> 17 27.37735 27.37733 27.37731 27.37730 27.37729 27.37727 27.37726 27.37725
#> 18 17.90744 17.90736 17.90729 17.90723 17.90716 17.90710 17.90705 17.90700
#> 19 20.92614 20.92617 20.92619 20.92621 20.92624 20.92626 20.92628 20.92630
#> 20 14.38157 14.38163 14.38170 14.38175 14.38181 14.38186 14.38191 14.38196
#> 21 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239 24.04239
#> 0.0090 0.0084 0.0078 0.0073 0.0068 0.0063 0.0059 0.0055
#> 1 22.06976 22.06981 22.06986 22.06991 22.06995 22.07000 22.07004 22.07008
#> 2 25.67806 25.67804 25.67802 25.67800 25.67798 25.67796 25.67794 25.67792
#> 3 21.20280 21.20283 21.20286 21.20289 21.20292 21.20295 21.20298 21.20300
#> 4 17.41371 17.41377 17.41383 17.41388 17.41393 17.41398 17.41402 17.41407
#> 5 20.85728 20.85724 20.85720 20.85717 20.85714 20.85711 20.85708 20.85706
#> 6 23.09775 23.09775 23.09776 23.09777 23.09777 23.09778 23.09779 23.09779
#> 7 19.11972 19.11968 19.11964 19.11961 19.11957 19.11954 19.11951 19.11947
#> 8 14.88291 14.88283 14.88277 14.88270 14.88264 14.88258 14.88252 14.88247
#> 9 15.67492 15.67489 15.67486 15.67483 15.67481 15.67478 15.67476 15.67473
#> 10 15.66826 15.66823 15.66820 15.66817 15.66814 15.66811 15.66808 15.66806
#> 11 12.42150 12.42155 12.42159 12.42163 12.42167 12.42171 12.42174 12.42177
#> 12 26.44546 26.44544 26.44541 26.44539 26.44537 26.44535 26.44533 26.44531
#> 13 22.59890 22.59897 22.59904 22.59910 22.59917 22.59923 22.59928 22.59933
#> 14 17.56232 17.56232 17.56232 17.56231 17.56231 17.56231 17.56230 17.56230
#> 15 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88095 26.88096 26.88096 26.88096
#> 16 26.09082 26.09081 26.09081 26.09080 26.09080 26.09079 26.09079 26.09078
#> 17 27.37724 27.37723 27.37722 27.37721 27.37720 27.37719 27.37718 27.37717
#> 18 17.90695 17.90690 17.90685 17.90681 17.90677 17.90673 17.90670 17.90666
#> 19 20.92631 20.92633 20.92635 20.92636 20.92638 20.92639 20.92640 20.92642
#> 20 14.38200 14.38204 14.38209 14.38213 14.38216 14.38220 14.38223 14.38227
#> 21 24.04239 24.04239 24.04238 24.04238 24.04238 24.04238 24.04237 24.04237
#> 0.0051 0.0048 0.0045 0.0042
#> 1 22.07012 22.07015 22.07019 22.07022
#> 2 25.67790 25.67789 25.67787 25.67786
#> 3 21.20303 21.20305 21.20307 21.20310
#> 4 17.41411 17.41415 17.41419 17.41423
#> 5 20.85703 20.85701 20.85698 20.85696
#> 6 23.09780 23.09781 23.09781 23.09782
#> 7 19.11945 19.11942 19.11939 19.11936
#> 8 14.88241 14.88236 14.88231 14.88227
#> 9 15.67471 15.67469 15.67467 15.67465
#> 10 15.66804 15.66801 15.66799 15.66797
#> 11 12.42181 12.42184 12.42186 12.42189
#> 12 26.44529 26.44527 26.44526 26.44524
#> 13 22.59938 22.59943 22.59948 22.59952
#> 14 17.56230 17.56230 17.56229 17.56229
#> 15 26.88096 26.88096 26.88096 26.88096
#> 16 26.09078 26.09077 26.09077 26.09076
#> 17 27.37717 27.37716 27.37715 27.37715
#> 18 17.90663 17.90660 17.90657 17.90655
#> 19 20.92643 20.92644 20.92645 20.92646
#> 20 14.38230 14.38233 14.38236 14.38238
#> 21 24.04237 24.04237 24.04236 24.04236
#>
#> $penalty.factor
#> [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#>
#> $n
#> [1] 21
#>
#> $y
#> [1] 21.0 22.8 21.4 18.7 18.1 22.8 19.2 16.4 17.3 15.2 14.7 32.4 21.5 15.2 27.3
#> [16] 26.0 30.4 15.8 19.7 15.0 21.4
#>
#> $X
#> am carb cyl disp drat gear
#> [1,] 1.0488088 0.7236760 0.000000 -0.4812083 0.6319276 0.2399041
#> [2,] 1.0488088 -0.9649013 -1.145644 -0.9855072 0.5245613 0.2399041
#> [3,] -0.9534626 -0.9649013 0.000000 0.4692012 -1.1288804 -1.0195922
#> [4,] -0.9534626 -0.4020422 1.145644 1.4584028 -0.9785675 -1.0195922
#> [5,] -0.9534626 -0.9649013 0.000000 0.1491653 -1.8160250 -1.0195922
#> [6,] -0.9534626 -0.4020422 -1.145644 -0.6674109 0.6748741 0.2399041
#> [7,] -0.9534626 0.7236760 0.000000 -0.4075031 0.6748741 0.2399041
#> [8,] -0.9534626 0.1608169 1.145644 0.6418265 -1.1503537 -1.0195922
#> [9,] -0.9534626 0.1608169 1.145644 0.6418265 -1.1503537 -1.0195922
#> [10,] -0.9534626 0.1608169 1.145644 0.6418265 -1.1503537 -1.0195922
#> [11,] -0.9534626 0.7236760 1.145644 2.2342473 -0.8067814 -1.0195922
#> [12,] 1.0488088 -0.9649013 -1.145644 -1.2696602 1.0184464 0.2399041
#> [13,] -0.9534626 -0.9649013 -1.145644 -0.8681607 0.2024622 -1.0195922
#> [14,] -0.9534626 -0.4020422 1.145644 0.9153117 -0.9785675 -1.0195922
#> [15,] 1.0488088 -0.9649013 -1.145644 -1.2667508 1.0184464 0.2399041
#> [16,] 1.0488088 -0.4020422 -1.145644 -0.8662211 1.7700108 1.4994004
#> [17,] 1.0488088 -0.4020422 -1.145644 -1.1106121 0.3527751 1.4994004
#> [18,] 1.0488088 0.7236760 1.145644 1.3711203 1.3190722 1.4994004
#> [19,] 1.0488088 1.8493941 0.000000 -0.6266791 0.0306761 1.4994004
#> [20,] 1.0488088 2.9751123 1.145644 0.8862175 -0.1411100 1.4994004
#> [21,] 1.0488088 -0.4020422 -1.145644 -0.8594324 1.0828662 0.2399041
#> hp qsec vs wt
#> [1,] -0.52809334 -0.47865649 -0.9534626 -0.25435598
#> [2,] -0.78389975 0.36296227 1.0488088 -0.92384986
#> [3,] -0.52809334 0.80229785 1.0488088 0.15578442
#> [4,] 0.44998999 -0.47865649 -0.9534626 0.42720086
#> [5,] -0.60333052 1.21516743 1.0488088 0.45132677
#> [6,] -0.75380488 2.63374496 1.0488088 0.07737523
#> [7,] -0.33247668 0.19887308 1.0488088 0.42720086
#> [8,] 0.52522716 -0.27751490 -0.9534626 1.18716689
#> [9,] 0.52522716 -0.17165091 -0.9534626 0.77702649
#> [10,] 0.52522716 0.04007708 -0.9534626 0.83734126
#> [11,] 1.27759895 -0.26692850 -0.9534626 2.72519338
#> [12,] -1.19018052 0.81817745 1.0488088 -1.06860530
#> [13,] -0.72371001 1.10401023 1.0488088 -0.74893705
#> [14,] 0.07380409 -0.33044690 -0.9534626 0.42116938
#> [15,] -1.19018052 0.51646506 1.0488088 -1.38827355
#> [16,] -0.81399462 -0.64803888 -0.9534626 -1.14098301
#> [17,] -0.48295103 -0.54217489 1.0488088 -1.89733016
#> [18,] 1.78921177 -1.81254283 -0.9534626 0.10150113
#> [19,] 0.44998999 -1.28322285 -0.9534626 -0.38101698
#> [20,] 2.85757971 -1.75961083 -0.9534626 0.58401925
#> [21,] -0.54314078 0.35766907 1.0488088 -0.36895403
#> attr(,"center")
#> [1] 0.4761905 2.7142857 6.0000000 209.6190476 3.6057143 3.8095238
#> [7] 145.0952381 17.9242857 0.4761905 3.0858571
#> attr(,"scale")
#> [1] 0.4994328 1.7766436 1.7457431 103.1134540 0.4656953 0.7939682
#> [7] 66.4565055 1.8892164 0.4994328 0.8289844
#> attr(,"nonsingular")
#> [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "ncvreg"
#>
#> $min
#> [1] 32
#>
#> $lambda.min
#> [1] 0.4785871
#>
#> $null.dev
#> [1] 24.28313
#>
#> $Bias
#> [1] 3.623379
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "cv.ncvreg"
# Make predictions for the test rows
predictions = learner$predict(task, row_ids = ids$test)
# Score the predictions
predictions$score()
#> regr.mse
#> 8.897417