Cross-Validated GLM with Elastic Net Regularization Survival Learner
mlr_learners_surv.cv_glmnet.RdGeneralized linear models with elastic net regularization.
Calls glmnet::cv.glmnet() from package glmnet.
Prediction types
This learner returns three prediction types:
lp: a vector containing the linear predictors (relative risk scores), where each score corresponds to a specific test observation. Calculated usingglmnet::predict.cv.glmnet().crank: same aslp.distr: a survival matrix in two dimensions, where observations are represented in rows and time points in columns. Calculated usingglmnet::survfit.cv.glmnet(). Parametersstypeandctyperelate to howlppredictions are transformed into survival predictions and are described insurvival::survfit.coxph(). By default the Breslow estimator is used for computing the baseline hazard.
Meta Information
Task type: “surv”
Predict Types: “crank”, “distr”, “lp”
Feature Types: “logical”, “integer”, “numeric”
Required Packages: mlr3, mlr3proba, mlr3extralearners, glmnet
Parameters
| Id | Type | Default | Levels | Range |
| alignment | character | lambda | lambda, fraction | - |
| alpha | numeric | 1 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| big | numeric | 9.9e+35 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| devmax | numeric | 0.999 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| dfmax | integer | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| eps | numeric | 1e-06 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| epsnr | numeric | 1e-08 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| exclude | untyped | - | - | |
| exmx | numeric | 250 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| fdev | numeric | 1e-05 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| foldid | untyped | NULL | - | |
| gamma | untyped | - | - | |
| grouped | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| intercept | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| keep | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| lambda | untyped | - | - | |
| lambda.min.ratio | numeric | - | \([0, 1]\) | |
| lower.limits | untyped | -Inf | - | |
| maxit | integer | 100000 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| mnlam | integer | 5 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| mxit | integer | 100 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| mxitnr | integer | 25 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| nfolds | integer | 10 | \([3, \infty)\) | |
| nlambda | integer | 100 | \([1, \infty)\) | |
| use_pred_offset | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| parallel | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| penalty.factor | untyped | - | - | |
| pmax | integer | - | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| pmin | numeric | 1e-09 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| prec | numeric | 1e-10 | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| predict.gamma | numeric | gamma.1se | \((-\infty, \infty)\) | |
| relax | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| s | numeric | lambda.1se | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| standardize | logical | TRUE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| standardize.response | logical | FALSE | TRUE, FALSE | - |
| thresh | numeric | 1e-07 | \([0, \infty)\) | |
| trace.it | integer | 0 | \([0, 1]\) | |
| type.gaussian | character | - | covariance, naive | - |
| type.logistic | character | Newton | Newton, modified.Newton | - |
| type.measure | character | deviance | deviance, C | - |
| type.multinomial | character | ungrouped | ungrouped, grouped | - |
| upper.limits | untyped | Inf | - | |
| stype | integer | 2 | \([1, 2]\) | |
| ctype | integer | - | \([1, 2]\) |
Offset
If a Task contains a column with the offset role, it is automatically
incorporated during training via the offset argument in glmnet::glmnet().
During prediction, the offset column from the test set is used only if
use_pred_offset = TRUE (default), passed via the newoffset argument in glmnet::predict.coxnet().
Otherwise, if the user sets use_pred_offset = FALSE, a zero offset is applied,
effectively disabling the offset adjustment during prediction.
References
Friedman J, Hastie T, Tibshirani R (2010). “Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent.” Journal of Statistical Software, 33(1), 1–22. doi:10.18637/jss.v033.i01 .
See also
as.data.table(mlr_learners)for a table of available Learners in the running session (depending on the loaded packages).Chapter in the mlr3book: https://mlr3book.mlr-org.com/basics.html#learners
mlr3learners for a selection of recommended learners.
mlr3cluster for unsupervised clustering learners.
mlr3pipelines to combine learners with pre- and postprocessing steps.
mlr3tuning for tuning of hyperparameters, mlr3tuningspaces for established default tuning spaces.
Super classes
mlr3::Learner -> mlr3proba::LearnerSurv -> LearnerSurvCVGlmnet
Methods
Method selected_features()
Returns the set of selected features as reported by glmnet::predict.glmnet()
with type set to "nonzero".
Arguments
lambda(
numeric(1))
Customlambda, defaults to the active lambda depending on parameter set.
Returns
(character()) of feature names.
Examples
# Define the Learner
learner = mlr3::lrn("surv.cv_glmnet")
print(learner)
#> <LearnerSurvCVGlmnet:surv.cv_glmnet>: Regularized Generalized Linear Model
#> * Model: -
#> * Parameters: use_pred_offset=TRUE
#> * Packages: mlr3, mlr3proba, mlr3extralearners, glmnet
#> * Predict Types: [crank], distr, lp
#> * Feature Types: logical, integer, numeric
#> * Properties: offset, selected_features, weights
# Define a Task
task = mlr3::tsk("grace")
# Create train and test set
ids = mlr3::partition(task)
# Train the learner on the training ids
learner$train(task, row_ids = ids$train)
print(learner$model)
#> $model
#>
#> Call: (if (cv) glmnet::cv.glmnet else glmnet::glmnet)(x = data, y = target, family = "cox")
#>
#> Measure: Partial Likelihood Deviance
#>
#> Lambda Index Measure SE Nonzero
#> min 0.00319 45 8.716 0.3110 6
#> 1se 0.05702 14 8.995 0.2646 5
#>
#> $x
#> age los revasc revascdays stchange sysbp
#> [1,] 28 9 0 180 1 107
#> [2,] 33 2 0 2 0 150
#> [3,] 35 5 1 2 0 172
#> [4,] 35 10 1 9 0 106
#> [5,] 37 9 0 180 1 151
#> [6,] 38 13 1 0 1 161
#> [7,] 38 2 0 115 0 150
#> [8,] 38 12 1 8 1 120
#> [9,] 33 6 1 1 1 115
#> [10,] 38 16 1 10 0 160
#> [11,] 38 12 1 11 1 92
#> [12,] 42 3 1 1 1 130
#> [13,] 37 1 1 0 1 146
#> [14,] 40 2 1 1 1 148
#> [15,] 42 2 0 2 0 140
#> [16,] 42 2 0 180 0 100
#> [17,] 43 3 1 0 1 100
#> [18,] 41 2 1 1 0 166
#> [19,] 40 1 1 0 1 145
#> [20,] 43 4 1 0 1 130
#> [21,] 42 4 0 180 0 162
#> [22,] 42 12 1 10 1 170
#> [23,] 44 5 1 1 0 170
#> [24,] 45 3 0 180 1 154
#> [25,] 41 10 1 8 0 150
#> [26,] 44 3 0 180 0 141
#> [27,] 41 13 1 1 0 140
#> [28,] 45 9 1 7 0 110
#> [29,] 45 6 0 180 1 170
#> [30,] 44 2 1 1 1 150
#> [31,] 43 2 0 180 1 140
#> [32,] 45 2 0 180 1 140
#> [33,] 47 4 1 3 0 118
#> [34,] 45 3 0 150 0 130
#> [35,] 44 3 1 0 1 180
#> [36,] 43 29 0 180 1 180
#> [37,] 45 4 1 0 0 124
#> [38,] 43 10 0 180 0 185
#> [39,] 47 6 1 0 1 116
#> [40,] 46 13 1 10 0 100
#> [41,] 43 3 1 0 1 124
#> [42,] 45 8 1 0 1 117
#> [43,] 45 5 0 5 0 141
#> [44,] 46 6 1 0 1 100
#> [45,] 44 4 1 0 1 114
#> [46,] 44 9 1 8 1 135
#> [47,] 45 5 0 180 1 190
#> [48,] 46 4 0 180 1 121
#> [49,] 44 2 0 180 0 142
#> [50,] 46 15 0 180 1 120
#> [51,] 45 9 1 0 1 145
#> [52,] 47 3 1 1 1 120
#> [53,] 48 3 0 180 0 154
#> [54,] 48 12 1 11 0 200
#> [55,] 47 5 1 3 1 130
#> [56,] 47 9 1 6 0 170
#> [57,] 46 3 1 0 1 119
#> [58,] 49 4 0 180 0 117
#> [59,] 50 1 1 0 1 129
#> [60,] 47 7 0 180 0 145
#> [61,] 50 4 1 1 0 125
#> [62,] 49 7 1 7 1 110
#> [63,] 46 3 1 1 1 140
#> [64,] 46 9 1 9 1 122
#> [65,] 50 7 0 180 1 110
#> [66,] 51 1 0 1 1 145
#> [67,] 49 15 1 11 1 160
#> [68,] 47 2 0 180 0 150
#> [69,] 49 23 0 179 1 112
#> [70,] 46 6 1 0 1 156
#> [71,] 50 4 0 4 1 100
#> [72,] 50 1 1 0 0 150
#> [73,] 49 7 1 4 1 90
#> [74,] 47 8 0 180 0 160
#> [75,] 52 2 0 180 0 155
#> [76,] 46 3 0 180 1 120
#> [77,] 46 1 1 1 0 145
#> [78,] 50 4 1 1 0 150
#> [79,] 48 17 1 10 0 111
#> [80,] 52 4 1 4 0 152
#> [81,] 49 9 1 3 0 102
#> [82,] 49 15 0 180 1 160
#> [83,] 53 5 0 180 1 140
#> [84,] 54 17 1 12 1 102
#> [85,] 53 5 0 77 0 159
#> [86,] 51 3 1 1 0 140
#> [87,] 50 2 0 5 1 106
#> [88,] 50 10 1 6 0 122
#> [89,] 53 8 1 7 0 160
#> [90,] 48 3 1 2 0 150
#> [91,] 51 25 1 1 0 202
#> [92,] 49 5 1 2 1 150
#> [93,] 53 4 0 4 0 140
#> [94,] 52 14 1 7 1 200
#> [95,] 48 6 0 180 0 160
#> [96,] 48 11 1 10 0 120
#> [97,] 51 13 0 99 1 160
#> [98,] 49 16 0 16 0 125
#> [99,] 55 3 1 1 0 150
#> [100,] 52 7 1 2 0 154
#> [101,] 55 6 1 2 1 114
#> [102,] 54 9 1 1 0 130
#> [103,] 52 4 0 180 1 180
#> [104,] 51 13 1 11 0 145
#> [105,] 50 3 0 174 1 153
#> [106,] 49 6 1 0 1 130
#> [107,] 49 1 0 1 1 110
#> [108,] 53 9 0 9 1 95
#> [109,] 53 8 1 0 1 130
#> [110,] 50 7 1 0 1 127
#> [111,] 56 4 1 1 1 130
#> [112,] 52 5 0 175 1 117
#> [113,] 55 1 0 180 0 127
#> [114,] 55 2 0 2 0 145
#> [115,] 55 5 1 4 1 120
#> [116,] 52 8 0 180 0 119
#> [117,] 53 18 1 9 1 150
#> [118,] 54 3 0 180 1 180
#> [119,] 55 6 0 180 0 170
#> [120,] 53 10 1 9 0 172
#> [121,] 52 16 1 14 0 170
#> [122,] 53 15 0 15 1 90
#> [123,] 55 6 0 180 1 100
#> [124,] 55 6 1 5 1 138
#> [125,] 54 12 1 0 1 190
#> [126,] 55 2 0 134 1 140
#> [127,] 54 3 0 180 0 128
#> [128,] 56 3 0 8 1 139
#> [129,] 54 2 1 1 0 135
#> [130,] 54 2 1 1 1 176
#> [131,] 57 5 1 3 1 138
#> [132,] 57 1 0 180 1 156
#> [133,] 57 1 0 1 1 100
#> [134,] 56 4 1 0 1 140
#> [135,] 52 2 0 180 0 140
#> [136,] 52 15 1 14 0 130
#> [137,] 56 14 1 11 0 130
#> [138,] 53 3 1 0 1 200
#> [139,] 57 10 0 180 1 170
#> [140,] 58 8 0 8 1 130
#> [141,] 53 21 1 13 1 130
#> [142,] 59 3 1 1 0 172
#> [143,] 58 6 1 0 1 90
#> [144,] 53 15 1 10 1 130
#> [145,] 55 9 1 2 1 147
#> [146,] 55 13 0 166 1 140
#> [147,] 56 5 0 5 1 150
#> [148,] 54 23 1 8 0 120
#> [149,] 57 4 1 2 1 185
#> [150,] 53 4 0 147 1 145
#> [151,] 53 7 1 0 1 120
#> [152,] 57 11 1 10 1 129
#> [153,] 55 3 1 2 0 140
#> [154,] 54 7 1 0 1 141
#> [155,] 59 15 1 10 0 140
#> [156,] 58 9 1 0 1 180
#> [157,] 56 7 1 5 1 120
#> [158,] 55 2 0 2 0 106
#> [159,] 59 9 1 1 1 125
#> [160,] 57 1 0 180 0 148
#> [161,] 60 11 1 9 0 106
#> [162,] 58 4 1 0 1 160
#> [163,] 57 2 0 2 1 120
#> [164,] 60 5 1 1 0 138
#> [165,] 57 5 0 180 1 130
#> [166,] 58 11 1 9 1 124
#> [167,] 55 5 1 0 1 160
#> [168,] 57 10 1 9 0 103
#> [169,] 59 6 1 0 1 140
#> [170,] 59 5 0 180 1 155
#> [171,] 59 4 1 0 1 152
#> [172,] 61 9 0 9 1 160
#> [173,] 59 2 1 1 0 140
#> [174,] 58 8 0 161 1 140
#> [175,] 58 14 1 6 0 190
#> [176,] 61 4 1 3 0 151
#> [177,] 61 3 1 2 1 102
#> [178,] 58 1 0 1 1 100
#> [179,] 61 20 1 13 0 130
#> [180,] 57 13 1 10 0 110
#> [181,] 57 2 1 0 1 116
#> [182,] 58 10 0 10 1 150
#> [183,] 57 4 1 3 0 138
#> [184,] 56 14 0 45 0 130
#> [185,] 57 3 1 2 0 120
#> [186,] 58 19 1 13 1 140
#> [187,] 56 18 1 11 1 165
#> [188,] 55 4 1 3 1 160
#> [189,] 58 11 0 172 1 135
#> [190,] 60 12 1 0 1 114
#> [191,] 55 9 1 7 1 135
#> [192,] 61 4 1 0 1 115
#> [193,] 61 13 1 12 1 130
#> [194,] 59 11 1 8 1 190
#> [195,] 57 15 1 13 1 110
#> [196,] 59 5 1 2 0 182
#> [197,] 58 5 1 1 1 135
#> [198,] 59 10 0 180 0 160
#> [199,] 61 8 0 77 0 120
#> [200,] 61 13 0 13 0 210
#> [201,] 58 8 1 5 0 152
#> [202,] 62 10 1 0 1 153
#> [203,] 62 7 1 2 1 180
#> [204,] 57 3 1 0 0 100
#> [205,] 61 18 0 170 0 140
#> [206,] 58 8 1 3 1 150
#> [207,] 61 7 0 7 1 150
#> [208,] 60 7 0 7 0 147
#> [209,] 61 6 0 6 0 134
#> [210,] 62 4 1 0 0 160
#> [211,] 60 17 1 8 1 140
#> [212,] 58 3 1 0 1 146
#> [213,] 62 4 1 3 0 173
#> [214,] 58 7 0 180 1 150
#> [215,] 63 3 1 1 0 180
#> [216,] 61 7 0 180 0 135
#> [217,] 62 3 0 180 1 105
#> [218,] 63 15 1 10 1 126
#> [219,] 64 4 0 180 0 130
#> [220,] 63 4 1 1 0 155
#> [221,] 60 18 1 13 0 132
#> [222,] 59 8 0 180 1 140
#> [223,] 61 9 1 9 1 150
#> [224,] 62 7 0 7 0 150
#> [225,] 59 1 0 22 1 162
#> [226,] 60 7 1 5 1 141
#> [227,] 60 7 0 7 0 140
#> [228,] 59 5 1 1 0 148
#> [229,] 60 7 1 1 1 90
#> [230,] 65 13 0 180 1 100
#> [231,] 63 1 0 1 0 130
#> [232,] 60 3 0 3 0 168
#> [233,] 64 10 1 9 0 160
#> [234,] 62 6 0 6 0 120
#> [235,] 63 12 1 10 0 200
#> [236,] 60 8 0 17 1 130
#> [237,] 61 6 1 1 1 117
#> [238,] 63 10 1 0 1 148
#> [239,] 63 14 1 9 0 123
#> [240,] 63 4 1 3 0 162
#> [241,] 66 3 1 1 0 127
#> [242,] 64 32 1 9 1 160
#> [243,] 63 12 1 9 0 114
#> [244,] 66 5 1 0 1 110
#> [245,] 65 10 1 8 1 120
#> [246,] 64 0 0 0 1 90
#> [247,] 60 6 0 180 0 130
#> [248,] 61 12 1 11 0 154
#> [249,] 64 9 0 180 0 150
#> [250,] 61 4 0 180 1 113
#> [251,] 65 3 0 180 1 190
#> [252,] 63 16 1 7 1 110
#> [253,] 64 7 0 180 1 120
#> [254,] 66 6 1 1 1 130
#> [255,] 62 3 1 1 1 199
#> [256,] 65 6 0 9 0 112
#> [257,] 65 3 1 0 1 80
#> [258,] 63 5 1 4 0 170
#> [259,] 63 2 1 1 0 180
#> [260,] 67 11 0 11 1 100
#> [261,] 64 2 0 2 0 201
#> [262,] 66 16 1 11 1 169
#> [263,] 61 14 1 5 0 140
#> [264,] 61 15 1 10 0 130
#> [265,] 63 3 1 2 0 120
#> [266,] 64 19 1 8 1 160
#> [267,] 65 8 1 0 1 140
#> [268,] 65 15 1 11 1 160
#> [269,] 68 5 1 4 1 150
#> [270,] 64 13 1 12 1 150
#> [271,] 66 7 1 0 1 115
#> [272,] 66 13 1 0 0 118
#> [273,] 64 14 1 13 1 150
#> [274,] 65 3 0 3 0 105
#> [275,] 67 4 1 3 0 130
#> [276,] 66 3 1 0 1 135
#> [277,] 66 6 1 0 1 140
#> [278,] 65 2 1 1 1 170
#> [279,] 63 7 1 0 0 162
#> [280,] 67 8 1 1 1 130
#> [281,] 68 5 0 5 1 90
#> [282,] 63 10 0 16 1 160
#> [283,] 66 14 0 180 0 130
#> [284,] 64 1 0 1 1 120
#> [285,] 68 18 0 180 1 260
#> [286,] 63 8 1 1 1 162
#> [287,] 65 18 1 3 0 120
#> [288,] 67 11 0 11 0 150
#> [289,] 68 11 0 180 0 160
#> [290,] 66 12 1 10 1 150
#> [291,] 65 15 1 12 1 150
#> [292,] 66 15 1 13 1 160
#> [293,] 63 2 0 180 0 150
#> [294,] 65 11 1 6 0 130
#> [295,] 63 8 0 180 1 120
#> [296,] 65 8 1 0 1 90
#> [297,] 66 3 0 3 1 138
#> [298,] 67 1 0 180 1 160
#> [299,] 68 10 1 10 1 150
#> [300,] 65 1 1 0 0 133
#> [301,] 67 7 1 4 1 130
#> [302,] 63 2 1 0 0 99
#> [303,] 67 2 0 180 0 184
#> [304,] 65 10 1 1 1 148
#> [305,] 66 19 1 12 1 150
#> [306,] 67 12 1 12 0 160
#> [307,] 69 6 0 99 1 140
#> [308,] 65 4 1 1 0 130
#> [309,] 66 4 0 180 1 130
#> [310,] 70 15 1 12 1 132
#> [311,] 64 11 0 11 0 125
#> [312,] 64 4 0 180 1 140
#> [313,] 64 0 1 0 1 118
#> [314,] 69 4 1 3 1 150
#> [315,] 65 13 1 12 1 130
#> [316,] 69 8 0 93 0 140
#> [317,] 64 21 0 21 1 155
#> [318,] 65 1 0 1 1 120
#> [319,] 68 18 1 0 1 160
#> [320,] 71 3 0 5 0 112
#> [321,] 70 7 1 0 1 190
#> [322,] 68 7 0 150 0 210
#> [323,] 67 2 0 180 0 128
#> [324,] 66 9 1 3 1 151
#> [325,] 66 1 1 1 1 165
#> [326,] 70 4 1 0 1 180
#> [327,] 67 10 1 9 0 200
#> [328,] 68 18 1 14 1 170
#> [329,] 69 0 0 0 1 148
#> [330,] 65 2 0 180 0 130
#> [331,] 69 3 1 2 0 151
#> [332,] 67 14 1 13 0 130
#> [333,] 65 14 1 13 1 150
#> [334,] 69 8 0 180 1 180
#> [335,] 71 7 0 7 0 230
#> [336,] 71 6 0 45 1 158
#> [337,] 71 3 0 103 0 133
#> [338,] 69 3 0 3 1 130
#> [339,] 70 22 1 13 0 103
#> [340,] 67 1 0 36 1 104
#> [341,] 67 5 0 5 0 130
#> [342,] 68 6 0 180 0 145
#> [343,] 69 6 1 4 1 174
#> [344,] 72 7 0 7 1 110
#> [345,] 66 2 1 1 0 123
#> [346,] 69 19 0 180 0 130
#> [347,] 68 18 0 18 1 100
#> [348,] 67 14 0 172 1 140
#> [349,] 69 11 1 0 1 120
#> [350,] 66 2 0 180 0 130
#> [351,] 67 7 1 4 0 122
#> [352,] 68 2 0 7 1 130
#> [353,] 70 3 0 123 0 130
#> [354,] 72 5 1 4 0 170
#> [355,] 67 22 1 1 1 140
#> [356,] 68 3 0 19 0 135
#> [357,] 67 12 1 8 0 120
#> [358,] 69 1 0 1 1 110
#> [359,] 67 1 0 1 1 60
#> [360,] 67 4 0 60 1 136
#> [361,] 69 5 0 76 0 120
#> [362,] 72 13 1 11 1 195
#> [363,] 68 10 1 8 1 160
#> [364,] 66 24 1 13 0 130
#> [365,] 70 35 1 0 1 105
#> [366,] 70 7 0 7 0 102
#> [367,] 73 20 1 0 1 170
#> [368,] 71 6 0 9 0 120
#> [369,] 72 12 1 10 0 170
#> [370,] 67 8 0 180 1 170
#> [371,] 73 13 0 152 1 130
#> [372,] 70 5 0 180 0 150
#> [373,] 72 2 0 2 1 100
#> [374,] 67 4 1 1 0 134
#> [375,] 68 23 0 180 1 220
#> [376,] 70 3 0 180 0 121
#> [377,] 69 3 0 180 0 220
#> [378,] 71 5 0 180 0 191
#> [379,] 73 6 0 180 1 117
#> [380,] 69 16 1 10 1 140
#> [381,] 68 7 0 180 1 130
#> [382,] 70 4 0 180 0 180
#> [383,] 69 1 1 0 0 155
#> [384,] 72 8 1 1 1 150
#> [385,] 71 2 1 0 1 180
#> [386,] 73 7 0 7 1 140
#> [387,] 68 15 1 13 1 130
#> [388,] 70 13 1 9 0 100
#> [389,] 74 8 1 0 1 85
#> [390,] 74 20 0 20 1 180
#> [391,] 71 20 1 10 0 140
#> [392,] 70 5 1 0 1 190
#> [393,] 71 17 1 11 0 160
#> [394,] 71 8 1 7 0 149
#> [395,] 71 3 1 2 1 190
#> [396,] 73 10 1 8 0 106
#> [397,] 69 12 1 1 1 149
#> [398,] 74 4 0 4 0 120
#> [399,] 73 4 0 58 1 160
#> [400,] 73 6 0 180 0 110
#> [401,] 72 15 1 0 1 150
#> [402,] 73 17 1 11 0 140
#> [403,] 71 13 1 8 0 121
#> [404,] 69 2 1 1 1 80
#> [405,] 70 4 1 0 1 140
#> [406,] 74 7 1 0 1 117
#> [407,] 72 10 1 8 1 153
#> [408,] 69 7 0 180 1 144
#> [409,] 70 8 0 8 0 120
#> [410,] 71 10 1 9 1 120
#> [411,] 75 2 1 1 0 145
#> [412,] 73 10 1 9 1 146
#> [413,] 73 10 1 10 1 120
#> [414,] 74 15 1 9 1 179
#> [415,] 75 9 1 7 0 140
#> [416,] 75 13 1 1 1 130
#> [417,] 71 4 0 4 0 134
#> [418,] 72 15 1 12 1 120
#> [419,] 70 7 1 4 0 184
#> [420,] 72 7 0 57 1 145
#> [421,] 73 10 0 180 0 162
#> [422,] 72 11 0 11 1 140
#> [423,] 76 25 1 12 1 170
#> [424,] 73 12 1 12 1 140
#> [425,] 75 1 0 180 1 140
#> [426,] 71 3 1 0 0 144
#> [427,] 73 5 0 180 0 126
#> [428,] 74 34 1 8 1 233
#> [429,] 76 3 1 0 1 120
#> [430,] 76 5 0 5 1 130
#> [431,] 77 11 0 11 1 150
#> [432,] 77 4 0 4 0 185
#> [433,] 75 3 1 1 0 180
#> [434,] 72 7 1 2 0 142
#> [435,] 73 10 1 10 0 124
#> [436,] 74 3 0 3 1 128
#> [437,] 74 19 1 4 1 200
#> [438,] 73 6 0 6 1 114
#> [439,] 76 17 1 0 1 200
#> [440,] 73 4 1 3 1 125
#> [441,] 75 4 1 0 1 122
#> [442,] 75 7 0 7 0 190
#> [443,] 75 0 0 0 1 130
#> [444,] 73 13 1 11 0 195
#> [445,] 75 12 0 12 1 160
#> [446,] 74 8 1 0 1 105
#> [447,] 75 4 1 2 1 188
#> [448,] 74 6 0 180 0 160
#> [449,] 75 1 0 1 1 125
#> [450,] 73 1 0 52 1 105
#> [451,] 73 0 0 180 0 156
#> [452,] 72 5 0 180 0 120
#> [453,] 78 12 1 11 1 160
#> [454,] 76 44 1 10 0 105
#> [455,] 74 10 1 0 1 135
#> [456,] 76 5 1 0 1 167
#> [457,] 73 33 1 12 1 175
#> [458,] 77 12 1 9 1 100
#> [459,] 73 10 1 9 0 146
#> [460,] 77 1 1 0 1 90
#> [461,] 76 12 1 11 1 120
#> [462,] 78 5 1 0 1 170
#> [463,] 73 7 1 0 0 174
#> [464,] 75 3 1 1 1 171
#> [465,] 75 6 0 180 0 150
#> [466,] 79 10 1 8 0 190
#> [467,] 74 2 1 0 1 130
#> [468,] 77 3 0 180 0 110
#> [469,] 73 8 1 1 1 162
#> [470,] 73 11 1 2 1 110
#> [471,] 74 2 0 180 0 100
#> [472,] 78 7 0 7 1 133
#> [473,] 74 15 0 180 1 172
#> [474,] 78 8 1 6 1 110
#> [475,] 74 7 0 7 0 161
#> [476,] 76 13 1 1 1 170
#> [477,] 78 32 1 9 1 198
#> [478,] 80 10 1 6 1 147
#> [479,] 78 0 0 180 1 212
#> [480,] 78 13 1 5 0 130
#> [481,] 75 12 1 1 1 120
#> [482,] 78 15 0 180 1 270
#> [483,] 75 13 1 6 0 150
#> [484,] 74 10 1 8 0 135
#> [485,] 78 12 1 9 0 150
#> [486,] 78 2 1 1 0 130
#> [487,] 78 10 0 180 1 130
#> [488,] 76 11 1 0 0 120
#> [489,] 75 11 1 4 0 162
#> [490,] 75 3 0 3 0 0
#> [491,] 76 7 0 29 1 150
#> [492,] 77 24 0 24 1 160
#> [493,] 80 6 0 6 1 150
#> [494,] 78 6 1 0 1 240
#> [495,] 76 3 1 0 1 140
#> [496,] 78 11 1 1 1 140
#> [497,] 79 11 0 180 0 160
#> [498,] 79 2 1 0 1 121
#> [499,] 78 14 1 0 1 140
#> [500,] 78 11 1 8 1 118
#> [501,] 76 10 1 8 0 180
#> [502,] 76 12 1 10 1 127
#> [503,] 77 31 1 3 1 161
#> [504,] 76 1 0 1 1 90
#> [505,] 78 7 1 0 1 110
#> [506,] 79 3 0 3 0 120
#> [507,] 77 7 0 180 1 170
#> [508,] 79 4 1 0 1 120
#> [509,] 81 1 0 180 0 120
#> [510,] 77 9 1 4 0 141
#> [511,] 82 5 0 8 1 120
#> [512,] 80 40 1 0 1 138
#> [513,] 80 17 1 12 0 100
#> [514,] 76 7 0 161 0 151
#> [515,] 79 10 0 10 1 120
#> [516,] 81 4 1 2 1 126
#> [517,] 79 28 0 164 0 100
#> [518,] 80 9 0 118 1 186
#> [519,] 80 6 0 173 1 160
#> [520,] 79 1 0 37 1 140
#> [521,] 81 3 0 180 0 184
#> [522,] 81 2 0 175 0 172
#> [523,] 78 7 0 7 1 147
#> [524,] 77 13 1 0 1 190
#> [525,] 78 15 0 15 0 165
#> [526,] 80 5 1 1 1 108
#> [527,] 78 4 0 180 0 175
#> [528,] 79 3 0 3 1 101
#> [529,] 78 26 1 5 0 194
#> [530,] 76 1 0 166 0 131
#> [531,] 80 1 0 1 0 100
#> [532,] 77 5 0 85 0 188
#> [533,] 80 2 1 1 0 168
#> [534,] 79 6 0 6 0 152
#> [535,] 80 6 1 0 1 119
#> [536,] 78 2 0 180 0 148
#> [537,] 80 5 0 5 1 130
#> [538,] 82 1 1 0 1 82
#> [539,] 79 10 0 180 1 150
#> [540,] 77 4 0 180 1 98
#> [541,] 78 12 0 180 0 134
#> [542,] 82 21 1 2 0 155
#> [543,] 79 4 0 4 1 121
#> [544,] 80 6 0 6 1 110
#> [545,] 83 9 1 5 1 170
#> [546,] 82 5 0 180 0 110
#> [547,] 79 7 1 6 0 130
#> [548,] 81 11 1 8 0 160
#> [549,] 81 5 0 177 0 41
#> [550,] 80 11 1 8 0 170
#> [551,] 78 23 1 10 1 145
#> [552,] 82 8 1 1 0 128
#> [553,] 79 1 0 180 1 170
#> [554,] 81 15 0 180 1 140
#> [555,] 84 5 1 1 1 85
#> [556,] 81 20 1 9 0 170
#> [557,] 83 8 0 8 0 115
#> [558,] 81 16 0 16 1 110
#> [559,] 80 6 1 0 1 150
#> [560,] 80 11 1 8 0 110
#> [561,] 80 8 1 7 0 160
#> [562,] 79 7 0 177 0 197
#> [563,] 85 4 0 180 0 90
#> [564,] 83 2 0 2 1 155
#> [565,] 82 6 0 128 1 100
#> [566,] 84 4 0 167 0 198
#> [567,] 80 3 1 1 1 230
#> [568,] 82 23 1 0 0 110
#> [569,] 84 1 0 38 1 205
#> [570,] 83 3 0 180 0 174
#> [571,] 81 4 0 90 1 138
#> [572,] 79 9 1 8 0 150
#> [573,] 85 3 1 2 1 160
#> [574,] 80 13 1 8 1 140
#> [575,] 79 4 0 4 1 60
#> [576,] 80 6 0 71 1 189
#> [577,] 83 1 0 1 1 100
#> [578,] 82 19 0 19 0 120
#> [579,] 80 30 1 13 0 220
#> [580,] 83 9 0 180 0 198
#> [581,] 79 14 1 0 0 110
#> [582,] 83 3 0 114 0 98
#> [583,] 81 14 1 12 1 128
#> [584,] 83 2 0 154 0 130
#> [585,] 82 0 0 2 1 100
#> [586,] 85 9 1 6 1 160
#> [587,] 84 15 1 13 1 110
#> [588,] 81 1 0 1 1 145
#> [589,] 81 12 0 12 1 163
#> [590,] 86 12 0 180 1 120
#> [591,] 82 3 1 2 0 130
#> [592,] 86 8 0 8 1 132
#> [593,] 81 16 1 9 0 180
#> [594,] 84 6 0 165 0 145
#> [595,] 86 3 0 3 1 140
#> [596,] 82 9 0 180 1 134
#> [597,] 85 3 0 3 1 118
#> [598,] 81 2 1 0 1 118
#> [599,] 83 9 0 180 1 149
#> [600,] 83 4 0 4 0 130
#> [601,] 86 12 1 0 1 132
#> [602,] 82 14 1 11 1 103
#> [603,] 86 6 1 0 1 140
#> [604,] 84 16 0 70 1 150
#> [605,] 83 19 0 43 0 150
#> [606,] 84 3 1 2 0 125
#> [607,] 83 10 1 0 1 190
#> [608,] 86 2 0 180 1 169
#> [609,] 88 14 1 3 1 130
#> [610,] 84 3 0 3 1 121
#> [611,] 84 7 1 2 0 148
#> [612,] 87 2 0 180 0 113
#> [613,] 84 3 0 180 1 170
#> [614,] 86 13 0 177 0 163
#> [615,] 86 6 0 6 1 117
#> [616,] 84 13 0 62 1 100
#> [617,] 86 6 1 1 0 112
#> [618,] 83 20 1 3 1 150
#> [619,] 85 22 0 22 1 184
#> [620,] 83 9 0 65 1 150
#> [621,] 86 9 1 7 1 142
#> [622,] 87 2 0 180 1 130
#> [623,] 88 3 0 115 0 110
#> [624,] 88 2 0 180 1 68
#> [625,] 83 3 0 3 1 130
#> [626,] 87 8 0 8 1 157
#> [627,] 86 15 1 8 1 109
#> [628,] 89 4 0 4 1 153
#> [629,] 87 6 0 180 1 110
#> [630,] 84 8 0 180 1 119
#> [631,] 85 8 0 8 1 136
#> [632,] 87 29 0 29 1 97
#> [633,] 87 15 1 9 1 138
#> [634,] 90 14 0 14 1 100
#> [635,] 86 4 0 180 1 145
#> [636,] 91 8 0 8 0 100
#> [637,] 91 10 0 145 0 135
#> [638,] 86 3 1 0 1 80
#> [639,] 88 7 0 24 0 119
#> [640,] 88 8 0 50 1 154
#> [641,] 87 6 0 126 1 168
#> [642,] 86 9 1 7 0 130
#> [643,] 90 4 1 0 0 121
#> [644,] 91 1 0 1 1 74
#> [645,] 90 5 1 0 1 125
#> [646,] 92 1 0 1 1 167
#> [647,] 88 5 0 158 0 100
#> [648,] 87 7 0 74 1 105
#> [649,] 89 12 1 0 1 130
#> [650,] 89 2 0 168 0 118
#> [651,] 91 5 0 169 1 176
#> [652,] 92 7 0 7 1 110
#> [653,] 89 4 0 4 1 159
#> [654,] 91 0 0 0 0 0
#> [655,] 89 14 0 180 1 84
#> [656,] 90 18 0 180 0 188
#> [657,] 91 4 1 0 1 120
#> [658,] 90 1 0 1 1 118
#> [659,] 91 2 0 2 1 116
#> [660,] 93 8 0 179 1 110
#> [661,] 94 8 0 8 1 142
#> [662,] 92 4 0 76 1 149
#> [663,] 91 1 0 180 0 158
#> [664,] 90 3 0 67 0 162
#> [665,] 94 3 0 26 1 144
#> [666,] 91 12 0 53 1 212
#> [667,] 92 5 0 69 0 139
#> [668,] 93 4 0 180 1 135
#> [669,] 96 3 1 0 1 104
#> [670,] 96 15 1 0 1 140
#>
#> $y
#> [1] 180.0+ 2.0+ 5.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 115.0 12.0 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [11] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 2.0+ 2.0+ 180.0+ 3.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [21] 180.0+ 180.0+ 155.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [31] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 150.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 6.0+ 180.0+
#> [41] 180.0+ 180.0+ 5.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [51] 177.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 172.0+ 180.0+
#> [61] 180.0+ 7.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 1.0 179.0+ 180.0+ 179.0+ 180.0+
#> [71] 4.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 88.0+ 4.0+
#> [81] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 77.0 180.0+ 5.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [91] 180.0+ 180.0+ 4.0+ 85.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 99.0 16.0+ 180.0+ 7.0+
#> [101] 6.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 13.0+ 174.0+ 6.0+ 1.0 9.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [111] 180.0+ 175.0+ 180.0+ 2.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [121] 16.0 15.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 12.0+ 134.0+ 180.0+ 8.0 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [131] 140.0 180.0+ 1.0 165.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 8.0+
#> [141] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 15.0 166.0+ 5.0+ 180.0+ 4.0+ 147.0+
#> [151] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 9.0+ 180.0+ 2.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [161] 180.0+ 180.0+ 2.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 64.0 180.0+
#> [171] 180.0+ 9.0+ 180.0+ 161.0+ 171.0+ 180.0+ 3.0 1.0 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [181] 180.0+ 10.0+ 180.0+ 45.0 3.0+ 19.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 172.0+ 172.0+
#> [191] 24.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 15.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 77.0 13.0+
#> [201] 8.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 170.0 180.0+ 7.0 7.0+ 6.0 180.0+
#> [211] 180.0+ 3.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 4.0+
#> [221] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 7.0+ 22.0 84.0 7.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [231] 1.0 3.0+ 167.0 6.0+ 180.0+ 17.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 14.0+ 180.0+
#> [241] 3.0+ 180.0+ 12.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 0.5 180.0+ 12.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [251] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 9.0 3.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 11.0+
#> [261] 2.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 3.0+ 103.0 15.0 180.0+ 5.0+ 13.0
#> [271] 179.0+ 166.0+ 14.0+ 3.0 180.0+ 3.0+ 180.0+ 175.0+ 7.0+ 8.0
#> [281] 5.0 16.0 180.0+ 1.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 123.0+ 11.0+ 180.0+ 80.0
#> [291] 15.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 8.0+ 3.0 180.0+ 10.0 180.0+
#> [301] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 19.0+ 12.0 99.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [311] 11.0+ 180.0+ 0.5 152.0+ 180.0+ 93.0 21.0+ 1.0 18.0+ 5.0
#> [321] 7.0+ 150.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 1.0 180.0+ 174.0+ 180.0+ 0.5 180.0+
#> [331] 180.0+ 180.0+ 14.0+ 180.0+ 7.0+ 45.0 103.0 3.0+ 180.0+ 36.0
#> [341] 5.0+ 180.0+ 97.0 7.0 2.0+ 180.0+ 18.0 172.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [351] 7.0 7.0 123.0 180.0+ 51.0 19.0 180.0+ 1.0 1.0 60.0
#> [361] 76.0 132.0 10.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 7.0+ 124.0 9.0 12.0 180.0+
#> [371] 152.0 180.0+ 2.0 76.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 16.0+
#> [381] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 7.0+ 15.0 13.0+ 180.0+ 20.0
#> [391] 20.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 8.0 3.0 87.0 12.0 4.0+ 58.0 180.0+
#> [401] 180.0+ 180.0+ 175.0 2.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 10.0+ 180.0+ 8.0+ 179.0+
#> [411] 180.0+ 180.0+ 15.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 13.0 4.0+ 180.0+ 104.0+ 57.0
#> [421] 180.0+ 11.0 180.0+ 12.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 34.0 180.0+ 5.0
#> [431] 11.0+ 4.0+ 180.0+ 7.0 10.0 3.0 180.0+ 6.0 17.0+ 180.0+
#> [441] 4.0 7.0 0.5 180.0+ 12.0 180.0+ 46.0 180.0+ 1.0 52.0
#> [451] 180.0+ 180.0+ 12.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 33.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 1.0
#> [461] 12.0 180.0+ 7.0+ 3.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 176.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 11.0
#> [471] 180.0+ 7.0 180.0+ 8.0+ 7.0 180.0+ 32.0 10.0 180.0+ 172.0
#> [481] 12.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 11.0 152.0+ 3.0
#> [491] 29.0 24.0 6.0 180.0+ 3.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 11.0
#> [501] 10.0+ 180.0+ 171.0 1.0 43.0 3.0 180.0+ 138.0 180.0+ 71.0
#> [511] 8.0 40.0 17.0 161.0 10.0+ 93.0 164.0 118.0 173.0 37.0
#> [521] 180.0+ 175.0+ 7.0+ 22.0 15.0+ 5.0+ 180.0+ 3.0 171.0+ 166.0+
#> [531] 1.0 85.0 10.0 6.0+ 6.0 180.0+ 5.0 1.0 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [541] 180.0+ 180.0+ 4.0 6.0 9.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 177.0+ 169.0
#> [551] 70.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 20.0 8.0+ 16.0 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [561] 180.0+ 177.0+ 180.0+ 2.0 128.0 167.0 3.0+ 62.0 38.0 180.0+
#> [571] 90.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 4.0 71.0 1.0 19.0 30.0 180.0+
#> [581] 180.0+ 114.0 180.0+ 154.0 2.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 1.0 12.0 180.0+
#> [591] 3.0 8.0 180.0+ 165.0 3.0 180.0+ 3.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 4.0+
#> [601] 180.0+ 174.0 6.0 70.0 43.0 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 14.0 3.0
#> [611] 180.0+ 180.0+ 180.0+ 177.0 6.0+ 62.0 6.0+ 20.0 22.0 65.0
#> [621] 11.0 180.0+ 115.0 180.0+ 3.0+ 8.0+ 180.0+ 4.0 180.0+ 180.0+
#> [631] 8.0 29.0 180.0+ 14.0 180.0+ 8.0 145.0 3.0 24.0 50.0
#> [641] 126.0 180.0+ 4.0 1.0 89.0 1.0 158.0 74.0 180.0+ 168.0
#> [651] 169.0 7.0 4.0 0.5 180.0+ 180.0+ 4.0 1.0+ 2.0 179.0+
#> [661] 8.0+ 76.0 180.0+ 67.0 26.0 53.0 69.0 180.0+ 3.0 15.0+
#>
#> $weights
#> NULL
#>
#> $offset
#> NULL
#>
# Make predictions for the test rows
predictions = learner$predict(task, row_ids = ids$test)
# Score the predictions
predictions$score()
#> surv.cindex
#> 0.8465902